1. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Liposomal Bupivacaine Parasternal Intercostal Block for Sternotomy 
Candice Y. Lee, MD, Davida A. Robinson, MD, Carl A. Johnson, MD, PhD, Yun Zhang, MS, MSc, Joshua Wong, MD, Devang J. Joshi, MD, Tong-Tong Wu, PhD, Peter A. Knight, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 107, Issue 1, Pages (January 2019)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2019 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
The study flow diagram demonstrating the number of study subjects screened and consented, pre-enrollment and postenrollment withdrawals, and the total number of study subjects analyzed. (IC/EC = inclusion criteria/exclusion criteria.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2019 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Pain scores were analyzed using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test for the individual time points. Overall pain levels were analyzed using the mixed-effects model. The coefficient estimate was − (p = 0.040). A p value <0.05 was considered significant.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2019 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Pain medication administration measured by morphine equivalents was analyzed using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test for the individual time points. Of the individual time points, the analgesic requirements were significantly lower in the Exparel group, compared with placebo (p = 0.047) at 2 hours after injection. There was no difference between the two groups at all other time points. Overall pain levels were analyzed using the mixed-effects model. The coefficient estimate was − (p = 0.176). A p value <0.05 was considered significant.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2019 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions