1. Effects of 19th Century Migration Patterns

2. Broad Response Overall reactions:
Racism, Discrimination, Fear of non-Europeans, “inferior races,” segregation, “will take our jobs by accepting low wages”, and threatening the sense of national culture/identity by resisting assimilation. – Led to forced assimilation through the educational system (Pledge of Allegiance, US History, etc.)

3. Slaves Replaced by Chinese, Japanese, and Indian Indentured Servants

4. Chinese Exclusion Act Passed in 1882
The Act excluded Chinese "skilled and unskilled laborers and anyone employed in mining" from entering the country for ten years under penalty of imprisonment and deportation. This made it extremely hard for any Chinese to legally enter the United States.
1891 – Immigration Act – Opening of Ellis Island and similar ports that closely monitor and regulate immigration into the US

5. Rise of Ethnic Enclaves
Migrants often created ethnic enclaves in different parts of the world which helped transplant their culture into new environments and facilitated the development of migrant support networks.
Chinese in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America, and North America
Indians in East and southern Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia

7. Other Impacts of Immigration
Mostly men did the migrating, leading to women at home leading to changing gender roles both for men and women
Regulation of flow of immigrants
New diets, music, sports, fashion (Culture)
New form of slavery in many cases. Indentured Servants were often living in nearl slave-like conditions, but it being a temporary status, along with racism helped justify this as more humane than slavery