1. Chapter 3 – Canada in the 1920s

2. The Red Menace
Inflation created economic tension between workers and employers
The Bolshevik Revolution inspired workers to demand an improvement in working conditions

3. A New Influence
Britain was indebt after the war and did not have the means to invest in Canada’s economy
The United States started to be the main trading partner of Canada
US Branch Plants opened up in Canada to avoid Tariffs
However Canada continued to focus on exporting Primary Industries to the USA were Secondary Industries where located

4. Winnipeg General Strike
Workers in Winnipeg demanded Collective Bargaining, a eight-hour workday, and more pay
A General Strike occurred
Many were afraid of Communist revolt
This is known as the Red Scare
Bloody Saturday was June where the Royal North-West Mounted Police killed one striker and injured 30 others

5. Opinion: How should Wealth Be Divided between classes?

6. Video: Wealth Inequality in Canada

7. Debate: Do you Support Unions?

8. Bootlegging Prohibition in Canada was from 1918 – 1920/21
Plebiscites led to the adoption of government controlled alcohol
Prohibition in the USA was from 1920 – 1933
Canadian Bootleggers saw a great opportunity to illegally export Canadian Alcohol to the USA

9. Roaring 20s
The assembly line, and mass production led to Automobiles being ubiquitous
Telephones, Radio and Moving Pictures also became ubiquitous
Hollywood dominated the movie screen
Group of Seven began to paint in a Canadian style
Hockey gained popularity with radio broadcasts

10. Brainstorm: How have recent technologies changed your life?

11. Video: Heritage Minutes: Emily Murphy

12. Women Under the BNA Act only “qualified persons” could become senators
Famous Five argued this included women in the Person’s Case
The Famous Five were women who fought for wome’s rights:
Emily Murphy
Irene Parlby
Nellie McClung
Louise McKinney
Henrietta Muir Edwards

13. Aboriginals The government had the power to take reservation land away
These lands are called Cut off lands
Aboriginals appealed to League of Nations for recognition
Aboriginal women who married non-aboriginal men were given Enfranchisement and lost their rights
*picture is of Keystone XL protest in USA

14. Debate: Should Canada be able to take reserve land away from Aboriginals?

15. Debate: Should Aboriginals be treated the same as other Canadians?

16. African Canadians The Underground Railroad ended in the Maritimes
Although not as strong as in the USA, the KKK had presence in the Maritimes
Nova Scotia Education Act of 1918 created segregation until 1954

17. Regionalism
The Maritimes wanted to protect their status in Canada as other areas became more important
The Prairies wanted Free Trade to buy cheaper products from the USA and open up markets
Quebec wanted Protectionism to save their industries
The West (British Columbia) wanted railways west and trade through the Panama Canal

18. Chanak Crisis
The Ottoman Empire was one of the losing Countries of World War One
Like the Treaty of Versailles for Germany, the Ottoman’s signed the Treaty of Sèvres
Turkish forces moved into neutral territory in Chanak in 1922
War between UK and Turkey seemed likely
Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie-King refused to declare war against Turkey
The conflict was solved diplomatically with the new Treaty of Lausanne

19. Halibut Treaty The population of Pacific Halibut was in decline
Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie-King signed a treaty with the USA to protect the Pacific Halibut fish in 1923

20. Critical Thinking: Why is the Halibut Treaty Historically Significant?

21. Prepare: Who is Canada’s Head of State?

22. King-Byng Crisis
The Liberal King lost the 1925 Election to the Conservative Meighen but stayed as Prime Minister because of the third party Progressives in a minority government
Then a corruption scandal about the Liberal Party occurred
The Liberal’s lost the support of the Progressives
King asked Governor General Byng to dissolve parliament
Byng refused and made Meighen Prime Minister
Meighen’s government lost a vote of confidence
Another election was held in 1926 and the Liberals won

23. 2008 Proroguing of Parliament

24. Imperial Conference
The United Kingdom’s colonies of Newfoundland, New Zealand, Australia, Union of South Africa, Irish Free State, United Kingdom, and Canada met to discuss their status in the Empire
The Belfour Declaration
“[…]autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations”.

25. Statute of Westminster
In 1931 the Statute of Westminster was passed making the Belfour Declaration law
Canada was now equal in status to the United Kingdom but still a member of the British Commonwealth

26. Debate: Should Canada Completely Separate from the UK?

27. Stock Market Crash
On Black Tuesday October 29, 1929 The New York Stock Exchange crashed and ended the Roaring 20s