1. Imperialism and Nationalism: in Canada (early 1900s)

2. Imperialism and Nationalism: in Canada (early 1900s)
British Imperialism:
An ideology (way of thinking) that the mother country should keep links with colonies. These links can be political and/or economic. The links can be forms of control.
In Canada (early 1900s), England still controls Canada’s external affairs
England wants to keep the largest Empire  keep links with colonies

3. Imperialism and Nationalism: in Canada (early 1900s)
England keeps economic ties with its colonies.
England demands the colonies remain loyal  help fight during times of war…

4. Imperialism and Nationalism: in Canada (early 1900s)
Canadian Nationalism:
Canadian ideology (mostly an English Canadian thing)
Defended by Wilfred Laurier
British ideas were good things (parliament system)
But, Canada should be independent of England and not a colony / dominion
Rejects a certralized government in London where decisions are made

5. Wilfred Laurier

7. Imperialism and Nationalism: in Canada (early 1900s)
Canadian Nationalism:
Mostly English speaking people with a tolerence for French Canadians in Quebec

8. Imperialism and Nationalism: in Canada (early 1900s)
French Canadian Nationalism ( ):
An ideology that opposes British Imperialism (Canada is more important than England seperate from England)
Idea defended by Henri Bourassa (moderate thinker)
He derended the rights of French Canadians in Quebec and the rest of Canada
Bilingualism/biculturalism in Canada (English / French))

9. Imperialism and Nationalism: in Canada (early 1900s)
EXTREME French Canadian NAtionalism
Ideology defended by Lionel Groulx
Protection of the French language and Catholic religion
Important  stay on the farm French Canadian tradition  AGRICULTURISM
The idea that Quebec is the « homeland » of French Canadians is becoming widespread

10. Henri Bourassa

11. Lionel Groulx

12. Imperialism and Nationalism: in Canada (early 1900s)
Between , the ideas of imperialism, Canadian nationalism and French Canadian nationalism will be on a collision course…

13. Greenway-Laurier compromise/ Manitoba schools question
1896  Manitoba  mostly English population
Manitoba premier, Thomas Greenway took away French educaion
All over Canada  French Canadian population unhappy
Laurier interviens compromise with Greenway

14. Greenway-Laurier compromise/ Manitoba schools question
The compromise:
No money for French education in Manitoba
½ hour of French education each day
French schools where enough students who wanted French
No one is happy with the compromise…
After 1905  similar scenarios in Ontario and Saskatchewan

15. One room school house in Manitoba

16. The Boer War
1899 England was involved in a war in South Africa agaisnt the Boers
England wanted support from the Empire  send troops
The Boer war created a division between English and French Canadians

18. Boer war – South Africa

20. Boer war – South Africa
Lots of English Canadians wanted to support England
These same canadians wanted Laurier to send troops to South Africa

21. Boer war – South Africa French Canadians do not agree
The Boer war has no connection to Canada
Why sacrafice our lives for England?

22. Boer war – South Africa
Laurier has to make a decision  send trrops or not…?
Result = compromise
Laurier only send volunteer troops (about 7000)
Soldiers are the responsibility of England ($$$)
FC think Laurier did too much for England

29. The 1st World War
By 1914  Robert Borden is the new Prime minister of Canada
In 1914, Germany attacked the allies of England, so England declared war with Germany Canada had to lend support to England

38. Canada’s contribution in WWI
1914  Lots of Canadian men volunteered to go and fight in Europe
The « Homefront »  what was happening in Canada
Factories started making supplies for the war (ammunition, weapons, clothing, etc.)
Women are working in the factories
Canada is making lots of food for England
Rationning

47. Results ($$$) of Canada’s involvement in WWI
Canadian debt  Borden creates income tax to help cover debt
‘Victory bonds’
Lots of industries became rich off the war
Almost 0% unemployment during the wartime.

50. WWI and Conscription in Canada
First Canadian soldiers (WWI) are volunteers:
40% English Canadians
55% Immigrants from England living in Canada
5% French Canadians

51. WWI and Conscription in Canada
Frenc Canadians didn’t want to join the army because:
WWI  English war  not for Canada to be involved
Difficult time speaking English and communicating with English soldiers
Only English speaking soldiers got promotions within the army
Trench warfare = HORRIBLE

52. WWI and Conscription in Canada
In 1917  Canada needs to send replacement soldiers  volunteer soldiers
Borden passes a law for conscription
CONSCRIPTION = enrolement in the army BY LAW

53. WWI and Conscription in Canada
Opinions on Conscription:
FC  NO! This is an imperialist war Canada has no place in this war!
EC YES! Figt for Canada and England!
Riots in Montreal when conscription is announced

55. WWI and Conscription in Canada
Henri Bourassa:
Against conscription
Defend the rights of FC  WWI is a British war!
Germany is no threat to Canada
Canada is still divided between English Canada and French Canada

59. Expressions of Nationalism
How were ideas of nationalism expressed (end of the 1800s to 1920s)?
Newspaper, monthly news letter, books, art
Canadian and French Canadian nationalists used published newspapers to publish their ideas

60. Expressions of Nationalism
Newspapers like ‘Le Nationaliste’ helped public figures like Henri Bourassa  express ideas
In 1910, Bourassa starts the paper, ‘Le Devoir’  a way for him to express his FC ideas.

61. Expressions of Nationalism
« Notre nationalisme a nous est le nationalisme canadien fondé sur la dualité des races et sur les traditions particulières que cette dualité comporte. Nous travaillons au développement du patriotisme canadien….garantie de l’existence de deux races et du respecte mutuel qu’elle doivent…La patrie pour nous [les Canadiens-français] c’est le Canada tout entier…c’est la nation canadienne, composée des Canadiens-français et des Canadiens-anglais…sépares par la langue et la religion…dans un commun attachement a la patrie commune » -Henri Bourassa, Le Nationaliste, 4 avril, 1904

62. Expressions of Nationalism

63. Ultramontanism Vs. Anticlericalism
Ultramontanisme = Church should hold more power than the state
Anticlericalisme = idea that the Catholic Church (in Quebec) should not hold power
Anticléricalisme started in the last half of the 1800s
‘Anticleristes’ founded ‘L’institue Canadien’  a group that had liberal ideas against the control of the Catolic church  Seperation of church and state