1. Lesson #10: Citation Overload
READY?
PPT by Guidorizzi

2. Review Why do we have a Works Cited? Why do we cite in our essays?
What do we cite?

3. How to cite properly? ( # ) Parenthetical citation
Refers to others’ work in your text
Immediately following a quotation/paraphrase
Author's name followed by a space and the relevant page number(s)
No page number? Just write the author’s name
Example:
Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3). ( # )

4. Citing Properly Cont.
In-text citation corresponds with entry on Works Cited page
Example:
Citation: (Burke 3)
Works Cited Entry:
Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, Print.

5. In-text Citations: Different Formats
Dare to be different.
Author's name may appear either in sentence or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase
Page number(s) should always appear in parentheses, not in the text of your sentence
Examples:
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).
Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

6. No Author? Use shortened title of work instead of author name
If it is a short work (short story, essay, article, etc.)
Place title in quotation marks
If it is a longer work (novel, non-fiction book, resource book, etc.)
Italicize
Example:
An anonymous Wordsworth critic once argued that his poems were too emotional (“Unimpressed" 100).

7. Citing Indirect Sources
An indirect quote is when the information is already being quoted in the source
Something in quotation marks in the article
It is cited in another source
Use "qtd. in" to indicate source you got it from
qtd. in = quoted in
Example:
The author argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social service centers, and they don't do that well" (Ravitch qtd. in Weisman 259).
*IF Ravitch was mentioned in text, the proper citation would read: (qtd. in Weisman 259).

8. Citing Indirect Source Example
I want to use a
quote that the author
quoted, so it’s not
his quote I’m quoting
—got it?
Citing Indirect Source Example
“Precautions need to be taken to protect the skin while outdoors” (Berk qtd. in Miller).
Who’s book are you reading?
Berk or Miller?

9. Multiple Works by the Same Author
If you have several works by the same author, then you need to include:
(Authors last name [comma]
Shortened Title of the Work [“article” or source]
pg #) [period after citation]
Example:
“Can there not be governments in which majorities do not virtually decide right and wrong, but conscience?” (Thoreau, “Resistance” 34 ).

10. When Citation is NOT Needed
Common sense and ethics should determine need for documenting sources
Sources not needed for:
Familiar proverbs
Well-known quotations
Common knowledge
*Remember this is based on audience
(If writing for expert audience, they will have different expectations of what constitutes common knowledge)

11. Works Cited Cite or else!
Owl at Purdue, The The Writing Lab & The Owl at Purdue and Purdue University. Web. 19 May 2009.
Notice how the word “the”, an article, is not used at the start of the works cited entry.
Cite or else!