1. CHEMISTRY pp

2. ATOMS
Smallest unit
nucleus: center/core is most of the mass of the atom
a. protons: +
b. neutrons: 0
electron cloud: orbitals of electrons (-)

3. Element
pure substance that cannot be broken into other types of matter
Distinguished by the number of protons
each element has its own symbol that uses 1 or 2 letters

4. Isotope Isotope: different number of neutrons Changes weight
Ex: C12 vs C14
Carbon 14 is heavier since it has two more neutrons

5. ions
Ion: charged atom due to gaining or losing electrons ( Na vs Na+ )
+ if it lost an electron
- if they gained an electron

7. substance made up of 2 or more elements EX. NaCl, H2O
COMPOUNDS
substance made up of 2 or more elements
EX. NaCl, H2O

8. COMPOUNDS
held together by bonds
covalent bonds (strong): 2 or more atoms share electrons
Ionic Bonds (weak): attractions between ions

9. PROPERTIES OF WATER Water has a positive (+) and negative (-) “pole”
Pulls apart molecules like NaCl (ionic bond)

10. WATER BONDING hydrogen bonds: bonds between Hydrogen atoms
Ex: hold molecules of H2O together
Bond Strength:
Covalent > Ionic >Hydrogen

11. CHEMICAL REACTIONS EX. NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O
reactants: compounds rearranged
(left side)
products: compounds created
(right side)

12. CHEMICAL REACTIONS EX. NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O
Exergonic/exothermic: release energy – feels warm
endergonic/endothermic: requires energy-feel cold
Activation Energy: amount of energy needed to start the reaction

13. Energy Diagram W/O a catalyst

14. NEED TO MEMORIZE THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS FOR YOUR QUIZ AND TEST!
H: hydrogen
O: oxygen
N: nitrogen
C: carbon
Na: sodium
Cl: chlorine
K: potassium
S: sulfur
COMPOUNDS
H2O: water
NaCl: sodium chloride/salt
H2SO4: sulfuric acid
HCl: hydrochloric acid
NaOH: sodium hydroxide
CO2: carbon dioxide
O2: oxygen gas

15. GEMS Lab (due today)
Biochem Vocabulary #1 (due tomorrow)

16. Biochem Vocab #1 Draw and Label Energy Diagram on Page 37 Word
Definition
Picture/Example
Atom
Compound
Isotope
Ion
Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
Hydrogen Bond
Activation Energy
Draw and Label Energy Diagram on Page 37