1. Intro to Biochemistry
Chem-160
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

2. Lipids
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

3. Macromolecules Lipids 1. Monomer: __________ 2. Polymer: ___________
3. Structure:______________________
________________________________
4. Uses: ________________________
5. Examples: ____________________
fatty acid
lipid or fat
3 long chains of carbon
hydrogen on a glycerol molecule
energy, structure, warmth
fat, oil, cholesterol
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

4. Examples of Lipids
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

5. PROTEINS
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

6. Introduction Condensed polymers formed from amino acids
Complex biological polymers
Haemoglobin, responsible for transporting oxygen around your body has a formula
C2952 H4664 O832 N812 S8 Fe4
Mol. Mass
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

7. Collagen is the major structural protein in our bodies
It is made up of three chains, each around 1000 amino acids long, coiled round each other in a triple helix
Having very ordered structures
They are involved in every biological process
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

8. Antibodies , enzymes and haemoglobin are all water soluble molecules
Keratin and collagen are insoluble
Proteins make up 18% of the mass of the average person
Fats make up 18% of the mass of the average person
Carbohydrates make up 0.5% of the mass of the average person
Others 4.5%
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

9. Functions Myosin Actin muscle contraction muscle tissues
Chymotrypson digestive enzymes
pepsin small intestine
stomach
Insulin hormone
blood
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

10. Imunoglobulins antibodies blood Collagen structural proteins
Keratin skin, tendon
hair
Haemoglobin transport
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

11. Ferritin storage bone marrow liver, spleen
Proteins are unbranched polymer chains
Made by linking together large numbers(100-~1000s) of amino acid monomer units by peptide bonds, refer to as Polypeptide chains
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

12. III. Macromolecules D. Protein 1. Monomer: _______________
2. Polymer: _____________________
3. Structure:______________________
________________________________
4. Uses: ________________________
5. Examples: ____________________
amino acid (20)
protein or polypeptide
central carbon atom with
hydrogen, amine, carboxyl, & R groups
structure, emergency energy
skin, insulin, enzymes
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

13. Examples of Proteins
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

14. Nucleic Acids
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

15. Macromolecules E. Nucleic Acids 1. Monomer: _______________
2. Polymer: ___________
3. Structure:______________________
________________________________
4. Uses: ___________________
5. Examples: _______________
nucleotide (5)
nucleic acid
5-carbon sugar attached
to nitrogen base and phosphate group
stores genetic code
DNA and RNA
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

16. Examples of Nucleic Acids
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

17. ATP
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

18. ATP adenosine triphosphate A. ATP stands for _____________________
B. Cells use ATP as a __________________
C. Made of adenine with ___ phosphates
D. Lots of energy is stored in the bond between _____________________________
E. When this bond is broken, tremendous energy is released.
F. The pieces are then reassembled, storing more energy for another use.
rechargeable battery 3
the second and third phosphates
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

19. Examples of ATP
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

20. ENZYMES
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

21. Enzymes A. Special proteins that speed chemical reactions
1. Chemical reactions require a certain _______________ to get started.
2. Enzymes decrease this energy, making reactions occur faster.
activation energy
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

22. Enzymes Lock-and-Key Model
Enzymes are not used up by the reaction, but each can only work on one reaction (________________).
This is called the lock-and-key model of enzymes. An enzyme is like a _____ which can open exactly one _____. If you want to “unlock” another reaction, you need a different enzyme.
enzyme specificity
key
lock
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

23. Enzymes
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Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160

24. Enzymes Factors which affect enzymes
1. _____________--enzymes, like all proteins, change shape when exposed to heat or cold. Each has an optimal temperature range.
2. ____--all enzymes have an optimal range of pH Example: stomach
3. _____________--having more enzymes makes the reaction faster.
Temperature pH
Concentration
4/3/2019
Dr Seemal Jelani Chem-160