1. Diversity of Life – Activity 4 Molecules & Processes – 3
Atmosphere & Ocean Circulation – 9 & 10
Rain Alternative
Week of September 23rd 2018
Version 1.4.
9/25/2018 7:23:10 AM

2. Diversity of Life – Activity 4 – Leaf Litter Organisms – Set Up

3. Assemble Berlese funnel apparatus
Goose-neck lamp
Place tape on collecting container portion. Use permanent marker to label tape w/ lab section number and group number.
Use graduated cylinder to add isopropyl alcohol to the bottom of the collecting container until it reaches a depth of approximately 1 cm.
Place funnel on top of collecting container (Fig 4.1.)
Make sure that the narrow end of the funnel is covered with screen.
Empty contents of the plastic collecting bag into funnel. Funnel should be as full as possible.
Leaf litter
Funnel
Funnel support/collection container
Screen cover
~1 cm isopropyl alcohol
Figure 4.1. Berlese funnel apparatus. Large funnel w/ leaf litter supported in collection container w/ ~1 cm isopropyl alcohol.

4. Molecules & Process of Life – Activity 3 – DNA Extraction and Damage by a Pollutant

5. What is DNA?
Why is it important?
Where is it located in the cell?
Do all organisms have it?

6. 4. DNA is spooled onto a wooden stirrer.
1. DNA is in the nucleus of the cell (in eukaryotes).
2. The cell membrane is disrupted with a detergent.
DNA
3. Alcohol is added to the tube to separate DNA from other cell components and DNA migrates upward into alcohol layer.
4. DNA is spooled onto a wooden stirrer.
Alcohol
Protein and RNA
DNA

7. Soak strawberry in simulated pollutant.
Mash strawberry in plastic bag and mix with DNA extraction buffer.
Wait 5 minutes
Filter mashed mixture into tube.
Add enzymes (contact lens solution.)
Wait 2 minutes
Add cold alcohol.
It will form a layer at the top and DNA will rise.
DNA can be observed and spooled onto a wooden stirrer (do not stir – just twist).
Cheesecloth
Filter

8. Strawberry exposed to pollutant
Figure 3.1. Sketch of test tube and contents at end of DNA extraction procedure.
Normal strawberry
Strawberry exposed to pollutant
DNA
Alcohol
Water
Sketch appearance of both test tubes (normal and pollutant-exposed) containing filtered strawberry mash, alcohol and DNA.

9. Table 3.1. Qualitative description of extracted DNA of strawberries, as viewed with unaided eye
Characteristic
Normal Strawberry
Strawberry Exposed to Pollutant
Color
Whitish
Purplish
Size
Really small, tough to see
Humungous
Quantity
A lot, huge amount
Very small amount, hard to find
Structure
Long strands
Record qualitative observations of the DNA (normal strawberry and exposed to pollutant).

10. Strawberry exposed to pollutant
Figure Sketch of extracted strawberry DNA stained with methylene blue and viewed with a compound light microscope at 400X.
Normal strawberry
Strawberry exposed to pollutant
Sketch of DNA (normal strawberry and exposed to pollutant) as viewed through a microscope at 400X.

11. Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation – Activity 9 – Ocean Surface Currents

12. Ocean Surface Circulation Currents
Lateral movement of water at ocean surface.
Determined by combined influence of atmospheric circulation patterns, water density differences, continents and the rotation of the Earth.
Important due to role in influencing climate, global biogeochemical cycles and transporting organisms, chemicals, nutrients and pollutants.
Image © Rick Lumpkin NOAA/OAML.

13. Recreate map and plot data for eight buoys.
Table 9.1. Ocean drifter buoy position coordinates (latitude, longitude) by date and buoy number for eight buoys
67906
71369
67903
Date
Lat
Lon
11/10/07 39
148
11/05/07 21
-130
10/22/07 46
170
12/10/07 40
150
12/05/07 23
-138
11/22/07
174
01/10/08 38
157
01/05/08 22
-141
12/22/07
178
02/10/08 37
163
02/05/08
-146
01/22/08 45
-177
03/10/08 35
169
03/05/08
-150
02/22/08
-170
04/10/08
172
04/05/08 24
-156
03/22/08
-166
05/10/08 36
173
05/05/08
-160
04/22/08
-162
Figure 9.2. Map of ocean drifter buoy tracks for eight buoys in the Pacific Ocean for periods of 6 to 20 months for various years. (Source: NOAA).
Recreate map and plot data for eight buoys.
Connect points, add arrow to show direction, label buoy lines.

14. Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation – Activity 10 – Vertical Structure of the Ocean

15. Mixed zone Thermocline Deep zone
Uniformly mixed water, i.e. little to no change in temperature with increased depth.
Thermocline
Temperature decreases rapidly with increased depth.
Deep zone
Water is uniformly cold, i.e. little to no change in temperature with increased depth.

16. Typical Temperature Profiles

17. Ocean temperature (°C)
Table 10.1 Ocean temperature (°C) data from surface to depth of 600 m at 5° N 110° W
Table 10.2 Ocean temperature (°C) data from surface to depth of 600 m at 5° N 140° W
Table 10.3 Ocean temperature (°C) data from surface to depth of 600 m at 5° N 180° W
Ocean temperature (°C)
Temp(°C)
Depth (m)
26.0
25.5 25
22.5 50
18.0 75
13.5
100
13.0
125
12.0
150
11.0
200
10.5
250
10.0
300
9.5
350
9.0
400
8.5
450 8
500
Temp(°C)
Depth (m)
26.0 25 50 75
25.5
100
23.0
125
18.0
150
13.5
175
13.0
200
11.0
250
10.0
300
9.0
350
8.5
400
8.0
450
7.5
500
Temp(°C)
Depth (m)
28.5 25 50
28.0 75
27.5
100
21.5
150
13.5
200
10.5
250
9.5
300
9.0
350
8.5
400
8.0
450
7.5
500
Ocean depth (m)
Figure Ocean temperature (°C) from surface to a depth of 500 m for three longitudes (110° W, 140° W, 180° W) at 5°N latitude.
Plot temperature vs. depth data for locations from three locations.

18. Table Starting and ending depths (m) for mixed, thermocline and deep zone at three sampling locations
Sampling Location Longitude at 5° N Latitude
110° W
140° W
180°9 W
Zone
Start/End
Depth
Mixed zone
Start
End
Thermocline
Deep zone
500
Determine beginning and ending depths for each zone at all three locations, based on your graph.

19. Weekly Data Sheet pages
What’s Due
Weekly Data Sheet pages
Weekly Write-Up pages
Activity 4
147
Activity 3 83
87-88
Activity 9
355
Activity 10
363
371
PowerPoint available at: