1. Chapter 1 Sec 2-3

2. Activity Groups Each group will research an aspect of the Stone Age.
Tools
Language
Clothes
Animals
Family Structure

3. Let’s share!!
Each group will share what it discovered about its topic

4. Bellringer
Look in your book at pages In your notes from section 1, write characteristics of the Stone Age. Some things to notice: Technology Tools-what did they start with? What did they develop? Examples. Shelters Forming societies Art-what was created? What was used to create art? Religion-what do scientists think?

5. Did the stone age look like this???
Flintstones - Opening and Closing Credits - YouTube

6. Moving from the old stone age…
Into the new stone age!!
It’s called the Neolithic Era

7. Characteristics of Neolithic Era
Advances in
Toolmaking
Food

8. Nomads
People lived as nomads, by hunting & gathering…and then they learned to farm

9. Neolithic Revolution
Historians call this shift to farming the NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
Ice Age over-new plants & animals show up-like barley and wheat

10. Neolithic part I - YouTube

11. Gathering Food
So people can now GATHER food instead of constantly searching for new sources and
Now they begin to practice domestication-the selective growing or breeding of plants and animals to make them more useful to humans

12. Dog is a man’s best friend!

14. Agriculture Changes Society
World population grew. Why?
Some began to live as nomadic pastoralists-people who ranged over wide areas & kept herds of livestock on which they depended for food & other items

15. Early Farming Societies
Lived close together
Houses-mud bricks or other materials
Raised crops & livestock
Villages & towns emerged

16. Early Farming Societies
Trade increases!
Differences in social status emerges
More formalized religion
Megaliths show up

17. Megaliths
Huge stones-built as monuments for burial or spiritual purposes

18. Stonehenge Secrets of Stonehenge (1/4) – YouTube

19. New Technologies Tools were developed
Around 6000 BCE people began to use animals-like cows-to pull plows
Clay used to make pottery

20. Catal Huyuk
In modern day Turkey

21. Otzi the Iceman

22. The Bronze Age is Coming
Sheep & goats provided wool-making garments & blankets
Metal began being used-first copper & then bronze-a mix of copper & tin making stronger objects
So enters the Bronze Age-around 3000 BCE in some areas, later in others

23. Magical Bronze age Alchemist - YouTube

24. Activity
Now take your research on the stone age & do research on the Bronze Age. Let’s compare and contrast.

25. Foundations of Civilization
Section 3
Foundations of Civilization

26. Bellringer
In your notes to begin section 3, brainstorm and make a list of characteristics that you think make a civilization. In other words, what does it mean to call something a civilization?

27. From Villages to Cities
Gradual transition
New methods of farming were developed
Development of irrigation systems was VERY important-why??
Surplus-excess-was produced

28. Changing Economies Fewer people needed to farm
So other jobs developed-like what?
like tool making and weapons, weavers, potters, religious leaders
Division of labor was developed

29. Characteristics of Cities
Some villages grew into cities
Larger & more densely populated
Uruk is the first known city-between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in today’s Iraq
3000 BCE
40,000-50,000 people

30. Cities Populations were more diverse-more people were unrelated
More formal organization than villages
Defined center
Temples
Monuments
Govt buildings
marketplaces

31. Cities Defined boundaries-defensive walls Centers of trade
Merchants & farmers from surrounding villages traveled to city markets to exchange goods

32. Groups!
Civilization

33. First Civilizations
Formed from early cities
Define civilization-
A complex and organized society
From fertile river valleys

34. Activity
In groups, discuss what makes a civilization. Create a definition of your own. Make a list of characteristics, institutions, and features that you think a civilization should have.

35. Tigris & Euphrates in Southwest Asia
Fertile River Valleys
Tigris & Euphrates in Southwest Asia

36. Fertile River Valleys
The Nile in Africa

37. Fertile River Valleys
Indus in South Asia

38. Fertile River Valleys
Huang He (Yellow River) in China

39. Fertile River Valleys Rivers flooded Religions developed differently
Violent & unpredictable floods created more violent gods
Regular flooding created more predictable, less violent gods

40. Characteristics of Early Civilizations
Developed cities
Examples include:
Ur and Uruk near Tigris and Euphrates
Memphis on the Nile
Mohenjo Daro on the Indus River
Anyang near Huang He

41. Characteristics Contd
Organized Government
Formalized Religion
Specialization of Labor
Artisans showed up-skilled craftspeople
Basketry
Carpentry
Metalwork
pottery

42. Characteristics Contd
Social Classes
Rulers, priests, and nobles
Merchants and artisans
Farmers and unskilled workers (majority)
Enslaved people

43. Characteristics Contd
Record Keeping and Writing
Record keeping in Sumer used clay tokens & pouches
Systems of writing developed about 5,000 years ago
Picture symbols
Then abstract symbols

44. Characteristics Contd
The Arts

45. Change in Civilization
Expansion and Warfare
Spread of people & ideas
Cultural Diffusion-spread of ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology from one culture to another
Environmental Influences
Floods & other natural disasters