1. Glycolsis Animation Links:
Citric Acid Cycle Animation Links:
Electron Transport Animation Links:
Chemiosmosis Animation Links
(click “Make ATP”)

2. Quick lesson: how cells get protons and electrons alone+ -
Hydrogen H + H+
or just called a
Proton - H-
or just an
Electron = e-

3. New Molecule to learn: NAD+ NADH e- Empty Pair of electons
NAD+ / NADH shuttles electrons in many biochemical reactions (like vesicles it transports). Another called FAD / FADH2 works in a similar fashion carrying electrons.

4. Cellular Respiration:
How eukaryotic cells make ATP
How plants/animals use food to make energy
The overall chemical reaction:
(REACTANTS)  (PRODUCTS)
Oxygen + Food  Carbon dioxide + Water + ENERGY
O2 + C6H12O6  CO2 + H2O + ATP
(glucose)
6 O2 + C6H12O6  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP
(glucose) (36~38)

5. Stage 3: Electron transport (Oxidative phosphorylation)
Electrons
carried
via NADH
Stage 1:
Glycolysis
Glucose
Pyruvic
acid
2 ATP
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
Electrons carried
via NADH and
FADH2
Stage 2:
Krebs
Cycle
Stage 3: Electron transport
Chain
(Oxidative phosphorylation)
34 ATP
Oxidative
Happens in
Mitochondria
Matrix
Cytoplasm
Happens in
Mitochondria’s
Inner Membrane

6. Glucose (C6H12O6) 2 NAD+ NADH Stage 1: Glycolysis Glycolysis:IN IN
Glycolysis:
In the cytoplasm
2 ATP
(net gain )
OUT
OUT
2 Pyruvates C
NADH
( e- carriers full) C C
CoA
Acetyl CoA ( x 2)
“Finishing Touches”

7. Stage 2: Krebs Cycle (C.A.C)
6 NAD+
and
2 FAD C
CoA
Acetyl CoA ( x 2) IN IN
Krebs Cycle:
In Mitochondria Matrix
(cycle goes twice)
Must cycle once for each
Acetyl CoA
2 ATP
OUT
OUT
OUT
6 NADH
and
FADH2
“Oxaloacetate”
( x 2)
CO2
(Waste Product) C C
( e- carriers full again )

8. WARNING:
Now the tricky part: the carbon product “Oxaloacetate”is no longer important to the reaction.
What IS important is all the e- carriers (NADH & FADH2) that have been filled up. These are what trigger the 3rd stage

9. Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
(Oxidative Phosphorylation)
8 NADH
and
FADH2 O2
e- transport chain:
In Mitochondria membrane
8 NAD+
and
FAD
H2O
34 ATP
( e- carriers empty)

10. Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain Key Points
-The electron (e-) transport chain in the mitochondria (inner) membrane creates a concentration gradient of protons outside in Inner membrane space
- In the last part of the e- transport chain Oxygen (O2) takes the electron and with 2 protons (H+) makes water H2O
If there is no O2 then e- transport chain stops and no protons are moved across membrane so no ATP
gets made. Protons can only re-cross through 1 enzyme: “ATP Synthase”
ATP Synthase turns as protons re-cross the inner membrane and this physical turning generates energy to bind:
ATP
ADP P 

11. Glycolsis Animation Links:
Citric Acid Cycle Animation Links:
Electron Transport Animation Links:
Chemiosmosis Animation Links
(click “Make ATP”)