1. Ch. 20
The East Asian World

2. Lesson 1: The Ming & Qing Dynasties
The Ming Dynasty ( )
The Ming overthrew the Mongols in 1368
An era of greatness
Expanded empire, strengthened Great Wall
Created a nationwide school system
Increased manufacturing
Increased food production with new crops
Established Beijing as the new capital
Emperor’s palace -> the Forbidden City
Naval voyages led by Zheng He
Explored coasts of India, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Africa

4. The Portuguese Trade fleet landed on China’s coast
Wanted to trade European goods for silk, porcelain, and cotton
Chinese only wanted silver
Used silver as primary means of exchange, very high demand
Portuguese and Spanish mined TONS of silver in the American colonies
Allowed Europeans a trading foothold in China
Christian missionaries came to China on trade ships
Highly educated, brought goods that impressed the Chinese
Clocks, eyeglasses

5. Decline of the Ming The Rise of the Manchus
Corruption rose, taxes were raised, harsh weather led to poor crop yields & famine
Epidemic killed many
1644- peasant forces took the capital of Beijing, last Ming emperor commits suicide
The Rise of the Manchus
The Manchus lived northeast of the Great Wall
Used the fall of the Ming to take control of Beijing
Established the Qing Dynasty

6. The Qing Dynasty ( )
The Manchus made the Chinese adopt their style of hair and dress
Those who did not were labeled rebels and killed
The Qing restored peace and prosperity, but were seen as outsiders
Established themselves as legally distinct from the Chinese
Held most of the top government positions
Kangxi was the greatest Qing ruler
Calmed unrest in the north
Patron of the arts, gained support of Chinese scholars
Tolerant of Christianity
Hundreds of thousands converted
After his death, successors suppressed Christian influence

7. Europeans in China
Qianlong ruled under the period of greatest prosperity
As he grew older corrupt officials began to exert more influence
Unrest in rural areas weakens the Qing
Government corruption
High taxes
Population growth -> food shortages and economic hardship
Qing begin their decline as Europeans sought more trade
Emperor initially limited European traders to a few port cities a few months out of the year
Chinese merchants pressured the government to open more ports to Europeans

8. Great Britain had a negative trade balance
Bought more goods from China than they were able to sell
Bought silk, tea, porcelain
All China wanted was silver
British tried to get more trade rights, are denied by the emperor

9. Chinese Art & Literature flourished under the Qing
Economy and Daily Life
Nearly 85% of Chinese were small farmers
Population booms due to new crops
More population = less land available to live on and farm
Unrest in rural areas
Chinese Art & Literature flourished under the Qing

10. Lesson 2: The Reunification of Japan
Political Changes in Japan
Japanese feudalism collapsed in 15th century
Shogunate lost power
Daimyo became local warlords
16th century saw reunification efforts
Tokugawa Ieyasu took title of Shogun and control of Japan
Brought the period of Great Peace

11. Late 16th century- Portugal came to Japan to trade
Clocks, eyeglasses, guns were very useful to the Japanese
Christian missionaries converted thousands
Destroyed some local shrines
Christianity is outlawed, those who did not renounce faith were persecuted
European trade rights were taken away
Only the Dutch could dock at one port for a few months out of the year

12. The Tokugawa Era Japan returned to feudalism
The Shogun controlled the Daimyo
Forced daimyo to cut the size of their army
Samurai became a symbolic position
There were no wars, so many became bureaucrats
Samurai who had no daimyo were called ronin
Roamed countryside looking for work
Many became mercenaries and resorted to crime
Taxes increased
Peasants were forced to become tenant farmers

13. Literature & the Arts Poetry was highly valued Kabuki theater
Females forbidden to appear on stage
Art was influenced by foreign culture
European painting styles

14. Lesson 3: The Kingdoms of Korea & Southeast Asia
Korea: The Hermit Kingdom
Yi Dynasty overthrew Koryo Dynasty in 1392
Government modeled after China
New alphabet
Characters based on sounds
Faced invasions from Japan and China
In response, Korea limited contact with outside countries– isolationism
Untouched by European merchants and missionaries

15. Kingdoms in Southeast Asia
Buddhist Thai and Burmese frequently fought
Buddhist Vietnamese took over Champa state (modern-day south Vietnam), then the Khmer in Cambodia
Modeled government after China, Confucian culture
Islamic trade network led to Islamic sultanates rising to power on the Malay Peninsula

16. Europeans and the Spice Trade
1511- Portugal seized Melaka (on Malaysian peninsula) and controlled the spice trade for over 100 years
The Dutch seized a Portuguese fort in early 1600s, gradually pushed out Portugal entirely
The Dutch were better financed, as the Portuguese were losing political and economic power
Controlled all ports along the trade routes, except one taken by the English