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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PART 2 TRANSLATION

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Presentation on theme: "PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PART 2 TRANSLATION"— Presentation transcript:

1 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PART 2 TRANSLATION

2 Translation Translation is the process of decoding the mRNA into a protein. Ribosomes read mRNA three bases or 1 codon at a time and construct the proteins This process could not occur without another type of RNA called tRNA (transfer RNA)

3 Transfer RNA (tRNA) Has a clover-leaf shape
Picks up the appropriate amino acid floating in the cytoplasm Transports amino acids to the mRNA Recognizes the appropriate codons on the mRNA and bonds to them. Have anticodons that are complementary to mRNA codons amino acid attachment site U A C anticodon methionine

4 Codons and Anticodons AUG|CGU|ACU|GAU|CGU|UCA|GAU|UGA
Each 3-letter codon in the mRNA has an anticodon on the tRNA that will match it. Below shows a series of codons. Fill in what the anticodons would look like below. AUG|CGU|ACU|GAU|CGU|UCA|GAU|UGA UAC GCA UGA CUA GCA AGU CUA ACU

5 Ribosomes P Site A Made of a large and small subunit
Composed of globular-shaped rRNA (40%) and proteins (60%) Have two sites for tRNA attachment --- P and A P Site A Small subunit mRNA U G C Large subunit 5

6 Step 1 Initiation P Site A
mRNA transcript start codon AUG attaches to the small ribosomal subunit Small subunit attaches to large ribosomal subunit Large subunit P Site A Small subunit mRNA U G C mRNA transcript

7 Step 1 Initiation

8 Step 2 Elongation As ribosome moves, two tRNA with their amino acids move into site A and P of the ribosome Peptide bonds join the amino acids

9 Step 2 Elongation

10 mRNA Codons Join the Ribosome
Large subunit P Site A Site mRNA A U G C Small subunit

11 Initiation G aa2 A U U A C aa1 A U G C U A C U U C G A codon 2-tRNA
anticodon A U G C U A C U U C G A hydrogen bonds codon mRNA

12 Elongation G A aa3 peptide bond aa1 aa2 U A C G A U A U G C U A C U U
3-tRNA G A aa3 peptide bond aa1 aa2 1-tRNA 2-tRNA anticodon U A C G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A hydrogen bonds codon mRNA

13 Ribosomes move over one codon
aa1 peptide bond 3-tRNA G A aa3 aa2 1-tRNA U A C (leaves) 2-tRNA G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

14 peptide bonds G C U aa4 aa1 aa2 aa3 G A U G A A A U G C U A C U U C G
4-tRNA G C U aa4 aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA 3-tRNA G A U G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA

15 Ribosomes move over one codon
peptide bonds 4-tRNA G C U aa4 aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA G A U (leaves) 3-tRNA G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

16 peptide bonds U G A aa5 aa1 aa2 aa4 aa3 G A A G C U G C U A C U U C G
5-tRNA aa5 aa1 aa2 aa4 aa3 3-tRNA 4-tRNA G A A G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA

17 Ribosomes move over one codon
peptide bonds U G A 5-tRNA aa5 aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 3-tRNA G A A 4-tRNA G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

18 Termination aa5 aa4 aa3 primary structure of a protein aa2 aa1 A C U C
terminator or stop codon 200-tRNA A C U C A U G U U U A G mRNA

19 Termination

20 End Product –The Protein!
The end products of protein synthesis is a protein - A sequence of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa200 aa199

21 Messenger RNA (mRNA) Protein A U G C aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6
start codon codon 2 codon 3 codon 4 codon 5 codon 6 codon 7 codon 1 methionine glycine serine isoleucine alanine stop codon protein Protein aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6 peptide bonds

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