1. IWM & LCA Conference Prague, April 2004
Energy Footprint Analysis: Waste Management Options for the Processing of the Paper and Card Fraction of Household Waste
IWM & LCA Conference Prague, April 2004
Paul Dacombe, V. Krivtsov, C. Banks, S. Heaven School of Civil Engineering & the Environment, University of Southampton, UK

2. Main Features of Paper/Card Model
Based on the city of Southampton, UK
Energy “footprint” of waste management options
Model split up into inter-linked sub-models:
Stage 1 Transport (Household to Paper/Card Bank)
Stage 2 Transport (Paper/Card Bank to WTS/waste merchant)
Kerbside Collection (“PaperChain” & Dry Recyclables)
Materials Recovery Facility
Stage 3 Transport (WTS/merchant/MRF to Paper Mill)
Paper/Cardboard, etc. Manufacture
Refuse Collection & Landfill Transfer
Incineration

3. Main Findings from the Research
Recycling via Paper/Card Banks:
8.7% reduction at maximum recycling rate compared to base-case
11.0% (compared to no recycling)
Via PaperChain Scheme (with fixed banks tonnage):
5.1% (base-case)
7.6% (no recycling)
Via Dry Recyclables Scheme (fixed banks tonnage):
8.75% (base-case)
11.1% (no recycling)
Recycling of paper/card with incineration of the residual waste stream would be the preferred waste management option