1. 15.3
Fascism Rises
in Europe
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2. Italy Fascism: militant political movement
nationalism & loyalty to authoritarian leader
FASCISM
nationalists
Aristocrats/industrialists, lower middle class, and war vets
BOTH
One-party state
No individual rights
State supreme
COMMUNISM
Classless society
Working class
Italy
depression causes social unrest—fear communist uprising
Benito Mussolini, “Il Duce”
Leader of Fascist Party, called blackshirts
Attack Communists & Socialists
King puts Mussolini in charge of government
abolishes democracy—totalitarian state
Fascism stresses nationalism
Emphasizes loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader.
Facists believed nations must struggle.
To a growing number of Italians, their democratic govt. seemed helpless to deal with the country’s problems. They wanted a leader who would take action.
The king felt that Mussolini was his best hope for his dynesty to continue so he let Mussolini form a government.
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3. Germany Anti-Semitism Nazism—German fascism against communism
Swastika, Brownshirts
Goal: overturn Treaty of Versailles
Adolf Hitler, “der Führer”
Mein Kampf—book of beliefs, goals
Lebensraum—living space
1933: Hitler is chancellor, totalitarian state
eliminates enemies—the SS & Gestapo
total command of economy
propaganda
Nazi troops publicly humiliate a Jewish man in Chemnitz, Germany (1933).
Kristalnacht: November 9, 1938 Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their homes and on the streets and destroyed thousands of Jewish owned buildings. (Night of broken glass)
Anti-Semitism
Jews scapegoats for Germany’s problems
deprive rights, promote violence
1938: Kristallnacht
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4. Empire Building Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty
1931: Japan Invades Manchuria
1935: Mussolini invades Ethiopia
1936: Civil War in Spain
Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty
1935: Hitler rebuilds army
1936: Germany takes Rhineland
Britain urges appeasement
policy of giving in to aggression
Axis Powers:
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Other countries fall to dictators.
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5. U.S. isolationism—avoid political ties with other countries
1935: Neutrality Acts
Expansion of the Third Reich—German Empire
1938: annexes Austria
demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
Munich Conference
Leaders meet to settle Czech crisis
Britain and France agree to let Hitler take Sudetenland
1939: Hitler takes rest of Czechoslovakia & demands
more of Europe
Nazi party celebration in NUrembergAdolf Hitler is driven through a cheering crowd in Vienna after the German annexation of Austria (1938). British prime minister Neville Chamberlain (left) meeting with Adolf Hitler at the Munich Conference (1938).
1939: Stalin and Hitler sign non-aggression pact
pledge never to attack one another
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