1. Impacts of Colonization
Assessing the Lasting Affects

2. Key terms
COLONIZATION: A Socio-political practice that extends a nation‘s sovereignty beyond its geographic borders by establishing colonies in foreign territories, in which the Indigenous peoples are directly or indirectly ruled, displaced, and assimilated.
CULTURAL IMPERIALISM: an ideology used to legitimize and/or promote a socio- political/economic system based ethnocentrism in which the colonizing nation attempts to subjugate another.
APARTHEID: Policies of colonial powers of South Africa to segregate racial classes.
MARGINALITY: When a cultural or social group is pushed aside or excluded from the dominant cultural group of a country or region.

3. Unit two learning Goal
Explain how colonization continues to contribute to issues concerning indigenous people.

4. DISCUSSION
Discuss how colonization and its policies continue to impact cultural and social groups.

5. Out of Africa - Summary COUNTRY COLONIAL CONNECTION NATURAL RESOURCES
BRITAIN
Foreign Aid
Resource Agreements
Oil Cocoa Iron
Land
GERMANY
West and Central Africa
Invested into Economies (Jobs in Factories)
Copper, Gold, Cobalt, Coffee, Lead, Yams
BELGIUM
Congo
Mining Operations Agriculture Health
Cobalt Coltan
Diamonds
ITALY
North Africa
Investing in Libyan Economy
Oil
Natural Gas
FRANCE
Security – Supplying Weapons
Political, Military and Economic Connections
Mining
Water, Diamonds
Gas and Oil
SPAIN
Funding Education and Health Care
Trade Agreements Work Migration
Oil and Gas
PORTUGAL
Trade Agreements Agricultural Production
Southern Africa
Oil Cotton

6. How do European Nations still maintain ties with former colonies?
Natural Resource Agreements
Immigration
Foreign Aid
There are two main types of foreign aid: Development Aid
Humanitarian Aid

7. Foreign Aid
Humanitarian aid refers to assistance provided to alleviate the impacts of a humanitarian disaster (natural disaster or human caused disaster). The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity.
Development aid is financial assistance provided to developing nations to support the development of their economies. Usually is focused around natural resource development and exploitation. Is usually provided as a loan to the country.

8. ‘Third world’ Debt
Development aid has had a huge impact on the economies of many African nations, because it has tied them to specific conditions.
Many of these conditions include high interest rates and external control of natural resources.
Most countries struggle to even pay the interest on the loans, and as a result there economy is crippled and completely reliant on the investing nations/organizations (ie. Former colonial powers, World Bank, International Monetary Fund)

9. Debt cancellation
There have been many calls to cancel the debt of the developing nations to allow them to properly develop their economies.
Make Poverty History and Live 8 were two campaigns to draw international attention to third world debt and poverty.
These campaigns led to the creation of a list of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) that would receive debt reduction or cancellation.
As of January 2012, the HIPC Initiative had identified 39 countries (33 of which are in Sub-Saharan Africa) as being potentially eligible to receive debt relief.

10. HIPC COuntries Afghanistan Benin Bolivia Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon
 Central African Republic
 Chad*
 Republic of the Congo
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Comoros*
 Ivory Coast*
 Ethiopia
Eritrea
 Gambia
 Ghana
 Guinea*
 Guinea-Bissau
 Guyana
 Haiti
 Honduras
 Liberia
 Madagascar
 Mali
 Mauritania
 Mozambique
 Nicaragua
 Niger
 Rwanda
 São Tomé and Príncipe
 Senegal
 Sierra Leone
 Somalia
 Sudan
 Tanzania
 Togo
 Uganda
 Zambia
* Indicates countries that have are only entitled to partial relief of their debt.
Bold countries are those just entering the program