1. September 11, 2018 LT: I can identify cell organelles. Warm-Up
What are the different shapes of bacteria?
What is the purpose of cells having a cell membrane and cell wall?

2. Introduction to Cells

3. Cells First discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665
Looked at pieces of cork under a microscope and said they looked like a monks cell
1839: Theodor Schwann determined all living things are made of cells
Drawing made by Robert Hooke when he first saw cells

4. Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells.
All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
The cell is the most basic unit of life.

5. Two Categories of Cells
Prokaryote: NO nucleus
Contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes
All unicellular
Kingdoms bacteria and archaea
Eukaryote: nucleus
Contains: cell membrane, cytoplasm and membrane bound organelles
Multicellular or unicellular
Kingdoms protista, fungi, plant and animal

6. Cell Organelles

7. Cytoskeleton
Supports and shapes cell
Aids in cell mobility

8. Cell Membrane
Protects cell
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

9. Nucleus Stores DNA Contains instructions for making proteins
Controls cell processes

10. Nucleolus
Synthesizes ribosomes that are sent to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

11. Nuclear Membrane and Nuclear Pores
Nuclear membrane surrounds nucleus
Nuclear pores allow substances to pass through nucleus into cytoplasm

12. Cytoplasm
Jellylike substance that contains organelles and dissolved materials such as proteins, minerals and sugars

13. Centrioles
Help divide cells during cell division
Only in animal
cells

14. Mitochondria Makes energy for the cell in the form of ATP
“powerhouse” of the cell

15. Ribosomes
Synthesize proteins

16. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Pathway for molecules to move from one part of the cell to the other
Rough ER: prepares proteins for export, has ribosomes
Smooth ER: synthesizes fats and breaks down toxins (such as drugs and alcohol)

17. Rough and Smooth ER

18. Golgi Apparatus Processes and packages substances produced by the cell
Modifies proteins

19. Lysosome Digests molecules, old organelles and foreign substances
Gets rid of waste products

20. Peroxisomes Protects cell from its own production of hydrogen peroxide
Enzymes break down hydrogen peroxide to H20 and O2

21. Cilia and Flagella
Aid in cell movement

22. Cell Wall Supports and protects the cell
Composed of cellulose (a sugar)
Plant, fungi and bacterial cells

23. Vacuole
Stores materials needed by the cell such as water and food molecules
All plant cells (very large, called central vacuole)
In animal cells very small (not in most)

24. Chloroplast Carries out photosynthesis Supplies chlorophyll
Plant cells and some protists