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Figure 1 Patient selection flow chart

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1 Figure 1 Patient selection flow chart
Figure 1 Patient selection flow chart. The flow chart shows the selection of new allopurinol (or febuxostat) exposure ... Figure 1 Patient selection flow chart. The flow chart shows the selection of new allopurinol (or febuxostat) exposure episodes after applying all the eligibility criteria including the absence of any allopurinol or febuxostat filled prescription in the baseline period of 365 days (new user design) and an absence of atrial fibrillation. We found 25 732 new allopurinol or febuxostat exposure episodes in 23 135 patients. Of these, 3603 ended in incident atrial fibrillation and 22 129 ended without incident atrial fibrillation. We followed each eligible patient with a new filled allopurinol (or febuxostat) prescription until the patient lost full Medicare coverage, had atrial fibrillation (the outcome of interest), died or reached the each of the study period on 31 December 2012, whichever came first. For some of these patients the atrial fibrillation occurred on days covered by allopurinol exposure (n = 2140), febuxostat exposure (n = 171), yet other patients had periods of no allopurinol or febuxostat use after an initial qualifying prescription during which atrial fibrillation occurred (n = 1292). Every episode of allopurinol exposure, febuxostat exposure, or non-use of either drug could end with or without the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Nb, number of beneficiaries; NE, number of qualified episodes of new allopurinol or febuxostat prescriptions; Np, number of allopurinol or febuxostat prescriptions; T<sub>E,</sub> treatment episodes. Unless provided in the caption above, the following copyright applies to the content of this slide: Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model ( Eur Heart J, ehz154, The content of this slide may be subject to copyright: please see the slide notes for details.

2 Figure 2 Propensity-matched analyses: the association of febuxostat use with incident atrial fibrillation with ... Figure 2 Propensity-matched analyses: the association of febuxostat use with incident atrial fibrillation with allopurinol use as the reference (A), and of various durations of use of allopurinol or febuxostat and allopurinol with incident atrial fibrillation, with 1–180 day allopurinol exposure as the reference category (B), represented by hazard ratios. (A) Febuxostat use (allopurinol, reference) was associated with significantly higher hazard ratio of incident atrial fibrillation than allopurinol (reference category) in the main model (solid blue bar) and the sensitivity analyses that was limited to patients with gout (hashed bar) is shown. The error bars show the upper and lower 95% confidence intervals and neither crossed hazard ratio of 1, indicating that both were statistically significant in propensity-matched analyses. (B) Febuxostat use for 1–180 days was associated with significantly higher adjusted hazard ratio compared with allopurinol use 1–180 days (reference category represented by first solid blue bar with dots without any error bars) is shown. Longer allopurinol and longer febuxostat use durations were not significantly associated with the risk of incident AF compared with allopurinol 1–180 days. The error bars show the upper and lower 95% confidence intervals. For both A and B, the Y-axis shows hazard ratio of incident atrial fibrillation and the horizontal dotted line crossing 1 on the Y-axis represents null hypothesis. AF, atrial fibrillation; Ref, reference category. Unless provided in the caption above, the following copyright applies to the content of this slide: Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model ( Eur Heart J, ehz154, The content of this slide may be subject to copyright: please see the slide notes for details.

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