1. The consequences on attitudes and voting
Gianpietro Mazzoleni
La comunicazione politica
Chapter 10

2. The effects on political socialization
Political socialization during childhood (until years)
Political socialization during youth (from 18 to 29 years)

3. The effects on political knowledge
Rational citizen through information shortcuts
Sufficiently knowledgeable monitorial citizen
Distribution of political knowledge
Pyramidal
Diamond
Reverse pyramidal
Political knowledge through infotainment

4. The effects on political participation
Pessimistic points of view
Putnam
Optimistic points of view
Norris
Also relevant
Different participative actions
Different types of citizens

5. The effects on voting Party identification Issue voting
Negative preference
Left-right location
Leaders’ image
Political information
Influence
Encapsulation

6. The effects on public opinion
Surveys may create a spiral of silence when debated by the media system
Surveys may influence voters by generating a bandwagon or underdog effect