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2. Genetics and Evolution
Chapter 4
Genetics and Evolution 2

3. Natural Selection
Natural selection – introduced by Darwin in The Origin of Species in 1859 3

4. Genetic Mechanisms Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA Chromosomes
The human genome
Genes and environment
Genotype and phenotype
Mendelian heredity
Dominant and recessive genes
Homozygous
Heterozygous 4

5. Genetic Mechanisms 5

6. Genetic Mechanisms 6

7. Genetic Mechanisms Sexual reproduction Sibling and twins Monozygotic
Dizygotic
Cell division
Meiosis
Mitosis 7

8. Trait Inheritance: Nature vs. Nurture Debate
Single-gene traits
Polygenic traits
Gene complexes
Polygenic
Continuous traits
Sexual selection
Selective breeding 8

9. Trait Inheritance: Nature vs
Trait Inheritance: Nature vs. Nurture Debate Skin pigmentation is one example of a continuous trait. 9

10. Trait Inheritance: Nature vs. Nurture Debate
Behavior genetics
Twin studies
Adoption studies
Heritability
Molecular genetics 10

11. Evolution by Natural Selection
Evolutionary psychology
Friendly foxes: New best friends
Innate traits
Issues with the evolutionary perspective
Acquired characteristics: An early theory of evolution
Darwin and selective breeding
Environmental change
Misconceptions about evolution 11

12. Evolution by Natural Selection
Human evolution: Bipedalism, encephalization, and language
Evolution of the human brain 12

13. Species-Typical Behaviors
Human behavior
Universality of facial expressions
Role of learning
Biological preparedness 13

14. Mating Patterns Differential parental investment theory
Polygyny: One male with multiple females
Polyandry: One female with multiple males
Monogamy: One male with one female
Polygynandry: Multiple males with multiple females
Human mating patterns 14

15. Fallacies Social Darwinism Naturalistic fallacy Deterministic fallacy15