1. Unit 5 Review

2. RQ1 Give the letter(s) needed to match the clues.
Blue giants?
Red giants?
White dwarfs?
The sun?
Red dwarfs? E

3. Q1A Blue giants? B Red giants? D White dwarfs? C The sun? E
Red dwarfs? A

4. RQ2 Answer Questions Blue giants are… Hot or cool? Big or small?
Bright or faint? E

5. Q2A Blue giants are… Hot or cool? Hot Big or small? Big
Bright or faint? Bright

6. RQ3 Answer Questions Red giants are… Hot or cool? Big or small?
Bright or faint? E

7. Q3A Red giants are… Hot or cool? cool Big or small? big
Bright or faint? bright

8. RQ4 Answer Questions White dwarfs are… Hot or cool? Big or small?
Bright or faint? E

9. Q4A White dwarfs are… Hot or cool? hot Big or small? small
Bright or faint? faint

10. RQ5 Answer Questions Our sun is… Hot or cool? Big or small?
Bright or faint? E

11. Q5A Our sun is… Hot or cool? cool Big or small? small
Bright or faint? faint

12. RQ6 Answer Questions Red dwarfs are… Hot or cool? Big or small?
Bright or faint? E

13. Q6A Red dwarfs are… Hot or cool? cool Big or small? small
Bright or faint? faint

14. RQ7
What is the process by which the Sun makes photons of light?

15. Q7A
Thermonuclear fusion

16. RQ8
What force cause the star to pull in on itself?

17. Q8A
Gravity

18. RQ9
Where in the Sun does the fusion take place?

19. Q9A
The Core

20. RQ10
Why do sunspots appear darker on the Sun’s surface?

21. Q10A
Sunspots are cooler regions compared to the rest of the surface of the sun

22. RQ11
When atoms move faster inside the Sun’s core, what is the result?

23. Q11A
Energy moves out to the radiation zone and the temperature drops

24. RQ12
Approximately how long is a sunspot cycle?

25. Q12A
11 years

26. RQ13
What is the reason for prominences on the Sun’s surface?

27. Q13A
Magnetic fields on the surface of the sun pull the prominences back toward the surface

28. RQ14 Which of these stars has the hottest surface temperature? Star
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
Spectral Class
Parallax
Alpha Centauri
0.0
4.3 G
0.742"
Thuban
4.7
5.9 K
0.176"
Barnard's Star
9.5
13.2 M
0.549"
Altair
0.8
2.1 A
0.194"
Which of these stars has the hottest surface temperature?

29. Q14A
Altair

30. RQ15 Which of these stars has the coolest surface temperature? Star
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
Spectral Class
Parallax
Alpha Centauri
0.0
4.3 G
0.742"
Thuban
4.7
5.9 K
0.176"
Barnard's Star
9.5
13.2 M
0.549"
Altair
0.8
2.1 A
0.194"
Which of these stars has the coolest surface temperature?

31. Q15A
Barnard’s Star

32. RQ16 Which of these stars appear the brightest in the sky at night?
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
Spectral Class
Parallax
Alpha Centauri
0.0
4.3 G
0.742"
Thuban
4.7
5.9 K
0.176"
Barnard's Star
9.5
13.2 M
0.549"
Altair
0.8
2.1 A
0.194"
Which of these stars appear the brightest in the sky at night?

33. Q16A
Alpha Centauri

34. RQ17
Star
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
Spectral Class
Parallax
Alpha Centauri
0.0
4.3 G
0.742"
Thuban
4.7
5.9 K
0.176"
Barnard's Star
9.5
13.2 M
0.549"
Altair
0.8
2.1 A
0.194"
Which of these stars appear the most luminous and gives off the most light?

35. Q17A
Altair

36. RQ18
Star
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
Spectral Class
Parallax
Alpha Centauri
0.0
4.3 G
0.742"
Thuban
4.7
5.9 K
0.176"
Barnard's Star
9.5
13.2 M
0.549"
Altair
0.8
2.1 A
0.194"
Which of these stars appear to be the faintest in the sky at night?

37. Q18A
Barnard’s Star

38. RQ19 Which of these stars is closest to the Earth? Star
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
Spectral Class
Parallax
Alpha Centauri
0.0
4.3 G
0.742"
Thuban
4.7
5.9 K
0.176"
Barnard's Star
9.5
13.2 M
0.549"
Altair
0.8
2.1 A
0.194"
Which of these stars is closest to the Earth?

39. Q19A
Alpha Centauri

40. RQ20 Which of these stars is farthest from the Earth? Star
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
Spectral Class
Parallax
Alpha Centauri
0.0
4.3 G
0.742"
Thuban
4.7
5.9 K
0.176"
Barnard's Star
9.5
13.2 M
0.549"
Altair
0.8
2.1 A
0.194"
Which of these stars is farthest from the Earth?

41. Q20A
Thuban

42. RQ21 What is the distance in parsecs of Altair? Star
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
Spectral Class
Parallax
Alpha Centauri
0.0
4.3 G
0.742"
Thuban
4.7
5.9 K
0.176"
Barnard's Star
9.5
13.2 M
0.549"
Altair
0.8
2.1 A
0.194"
What is the distance in parsecs of Altair?

43. Q21A
5.15 parsec

44. RQ22 What is the distance of Alpha Centauri in light years? Star
Apparent Magnitude
Absolute Magnitude
Spectral Class
Parallax
Alpha Centauri
0.0
4.3 G
0.742"
Thuban
4.7
5.9 K
0.176"
Barnard's Star
9.5
13.2 M
0.549"
Altair
0.8
2.1 A
0.194"
What is the distance of Alpha Centauri in light years?

45. Q22A
4.40 light years

46. RQ23
What happens if an electron absorbs enough energy to jump to a higher energy level then falls back to its ground state?

47. Q23A
Releases a photon

48. RQ24
How are dark absorption lines produced in an absorption spectrum?

49. Q24A
The outer envelope (cooler gas layer) of a star absorbs light of particular wavelengths causing dark lines in the spectrum

50. RQ25
Each element in a star has a unique set of electron orbits. These unique patterns create a set of what?

51. Q25A
Spectral lines

52. RQ26
Stars are placed into spectral classification by what property?

53. Q26A
Temperatures

54. RQ27
Which spectral class of stars would be hot enough to show ionized (charged) helium?

55. Q27A
Class O

56. RQ28
If an object emits radiation, there is a unique connection between what 2 properties of that substance?

57. Q28A
Temperature of the object and the wavelength at which it is the brightest

58. RQ29
What determines a star’s spectral lines? List 4

59. Q29A Chemical elements of the star
Velocity of the star from the red-shift of the lines
The rotation of the star from the broadening of the lines
The magnetic field of the star from the splitting of the lines

60. RQ30
The measure of how bright an object appears in the sky at night is known as what?

61. Q30A
Apparent magnitude

62. RQ31
The measure of how much light a star can give off is known as what?

63. Q31A
Absolute magnitude

64. RQ32
The apparent shift of a star against the background of other stars is known as what?

65. Q32A
Parallax

66. RQ33
Star A has a parallax angle of 0.194” and Star B has a parallax angle of ”. Which star is closest to Earth?

67. Q33A
Star A

68. RQ34
Star A has an apparent magnitude of -1.3 and Star B has an apparent magnitude of 2.3. Which star appears brightest from Earth?

69. Q34A
Star A

70. RQ35
If our Sun doubles in temperature but the size stays the same, what would our Sun become?

71. Q35A
Bluer and Brighter

72. RQ36
Why does a star exhibit parallax?

73. Q36A
Parallax is a result of Earth’s revolution around the Sun

74. RQ37
What happens to the luminosity of a star as the star’s mass increases?

75. Q37A
Luminosity Increases

76. RQ38
What 2 main elements that make up our Sun?

77. Q38A
Hydrogen and Helium

78. RQ39
What characteristic of a star determines where it falls on the main sequence of the H-R diagram?

79. Q39A
A star’s mass

80. RQ40
Which 2 forces are balanced in hydrostatic equilibrium?

81. Q40A
Gravity and pressure