1. Anatomy-study of the parts of the body-its structure
Physiology-study of the function of the body
Anatomical Position -standing erect with the face forward, arms at the side, palms forward
Directional terms – refer to location of a structure or the relative position of a body part to another one

2. Directional Terms anterior or ventral (front)
posterior or dorsal (back)

3. Cranial – head of body
Caudal – tail end

4. superior-upper or above something
inferior-lower or below something

5. Medial-toward the middle
Lateral-toward the side of the body
Proximal-toward the point of attachment to the body or trunk of the body
Distal-away from the point of attachment to the body

6. Superficial /external-near the surface of the body
Deep/internal-inside the body

7. BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS
PLANE – Imaginary anatomical dividing lines
Sagittal -divides body into R & L parts
Coronal/Frontal -vertical R angles to sagittal plane,divides body into anterior & posterior portions
Transverse -horizontal cut-divides body into upper & lower parts-a cross-section

8. CAVITIES OF THE BODY CRANIAL – BRAIN SPINAL – SPINAL CORD
THORACIC – HEART & LUNGS
ABDOMINAL – STOMACH, INTESTINES, LIVER, GALLBLADDER & PANCREAS
PELVIC – URINARY BLADDER & REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

9. Cranial + spinal cavities
Dorsal cavity =
Cranial + spinal cavities
Ventral/anterior cavity = Thoracic + abdominopelvic cavities

10. MEMBRANES
Membranes are formed by putting 2 thin layers of tissue together.
1 tissue + 1 tissue= 1 membrane
Membranes may secrete a fluid
2 types of membranes:
MUCOUS membranes
SEROUS membranes

11. Mucous Membranes- line the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary systems producing mucous to lubricate and protect the lining
Serous Membranes- double-walled membranes producing a watery fluid-line closed body cavities:
1) parietal membrane – outer part lining the body cavity
2) visceral membrane – Inner part covering the organ

12. Examples of SEROUS membranes
Pleural Membrane-lines the thoracic cavity and protects the lungs
Pericardial Membrane-protects & lines the heart
Peritoneal Membrane-lines the abdominal cavity protecting abdominal organs.

13. A few more terms to know………
Clean Wound

14. Healing
Scab
Cicatrix-scar

15. Sutures
Graft

16. Granulation Tissue-new blood vessels forming – beefy red color is sign of healing – fluid with bactericidal properties helps prevent infection during healing

17. Abdominal Quadrants
1.01 Remember structural organization

18. Abdominal Regions
1.01 Remember structural organization