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PHARMACY TECHNICIAN CHAPTER TWENTY FIVE.

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Presentation on theme: "PHARMACY TECHNICIAN CHAPTER TWENTY FIVE."— Presentation transcript:

1 PHARMACY TECHNICIAN CHAPTER TWENTY FIVE

2 The Respiratory System
Divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract The upper respiratory tract consists of: Nose or nasal cavity Paranasal sinuses Pharynx and larynx

3 The Respiratory System (cont.)
The lower respiratory tract consists of: Trachea Two lungs Two main bronchi

4 The lower respiratory tract.

5 Respiration Diaphragm—dome-shaped layer of muscle that lies across bottom of chest cavity Breathing occurs as diaphragm contracts and relaxes Carbon dioxide pushed out of the lungs during relaxation Oxygen pulled into the lungs during contraction

6 Structure of Lungs About 10 percent solid tissue
Remainder of structure filled with air and blood The functional structure can be divided into two parts: Conducting airways (bronchi and bronchioles)—tubes lined by cilia and respiratory mucosa Cartilage—supports and cushions the bronchi

7 Common Cold Caused by a viral infection that inflames the membranes in nose and throat Antibiotics will not cure a cold or any other viral infection Treatment is considered symptomatic Cough May be a symptom of a cold, flu, respiratory problems, or nonrespiratory diseases Most likely begins with an irritation of nerves in the respiratory tract Nonproductive cough treated with cough suppressant Productive cough treated with an expectorant

8 Allergies and Asthma Allergies
Caused by the immune system reacting to a substance that does not cause disease Treatment may be palliative, with antihistamines and antitussives Treatment may be preventive, with mast cell stabilizers Asthma Chronic respiratory disease Characterized by inflammation of airways, tightening of muscles around airways Treatment is palliative with albuterol and other bronchodilators

9 Emphysema Chronic destruction of alveoli
External exchange interrupted when alveoli become permanently damaged Treatment may be palliative, with stimulant inhalers Treatment may be preventive, with anti-inflammatory corticosteroids

10 Nasal Congestion and Rhinitis
Inflamed, stuffy nose Treatment may be palliative, to promote easier breathing Indications for use of decongestants are nasal and bronchial congestion Rhinitis Inflammation of nasal membranes, and/or runny nose Common component of colds and allergies Treatment is considered symptomatic

11 Bronchoconstriction Occurs when the smooth muscles encircling the airways or tubes tighten, causing the airways to spasm Treatment may be palliative Treatment may be preventive

12 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Umbrella term for emphysema and chronic bronchitis Characterized by partially blocked bronchi and bronchioles Causes shortness of breath Treatment may be palliative, with bronchodilators Treatment may be preventive, with mast cell stabilizers


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