1. Attraction Answer the following questions:
Why are we attracted to some people but not others?
What makes someone physically attractive?
What makes relationships last?

2. Social Psychology

3. Physical Attractiveness
Attraction
3 Key Factors to Attraction:
proximity
physical attractiveness
similarity
Physical Attractiveness
Similarity
Proximity

4. Proximity: Mere Exposure Effect
the more familiar we are with something, the more we like it

5. Physical Attractiveness
positive first impressions are correlated w/ attractiveness
attractive people are judged to be happier, healthier, more successful, etc.
is highly determined by culture

6. Similarity
people are reluctant to include dissimilar people in their group of friends
close friends usually share interests, attitudes, age, intelligence level, economic status, beliefs on religion, smoking, & race relations

7. Other components to attraction
we tend to like people who like us

8. Passionate v. Companionate Love
Read “Passionate Love” (pages 638 – 639) & “Companionate Love” (page 639)
In your study guide, record the difference between passionate & companionate love.

9. Bystander Effect
tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
famous 1964 case of Kitty Genovese

10. Factors Increasing Bystander Intervention
if you think no one else is available to help
not in a hurry
believe the victim deserves help
in a good mood (most consistent finding)
feeling guilty
live in a small town or rural area
just saw someone being helpful

11. Role Playing playing a role can influence or change one’s attitude
Zimbardo’s Prison Study
college students played the role of guard or prisoner in a simulated prison
study was ended early when the guards became too aggressive & cruel

12. 4 Ethical Principles Guiding Human Research:
Informed consent – about nature of research & risks
Right to be protected from harm and discomfort
Right to confidentiality – can’t release data about individual participants
Right to debriefing – full explanation of research when involvement is done
Did Zimbardo’s prison study break any
ethical principle/s? Which one/s?

13. Cognitive Dissonance Questions1
Strongly Disagree 2 3 4 5
Strongly Agree
World hunger is a serious problem that needs attention.
Our country needs to address the growing number of homeless.
Our government should spend less money on nuclear weapons and more on helping citizens better their lives.

14. Turn your paper over and answer the next series of questions by responding “yes” or “no” according to whether you perform the behavior on a REGULAR basis.
Do you personally do anything to lessen world hunger (e.g. donate money or food or write your representative)?
Do you personally do anything to help the homeless (e.g. volunteer at a homeless shelter or donate money)?
Do you personally convey your feelings to the government (e.g. by writing your representative or by participating in protests/marches)?

15. Cognitive Dissonance
people act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) they feel when their thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent with their actions
change attitudes to reduce dissonance

16. Perceptual Judgment Experiment

17. Perceptual Judgment Experiment

18. Perceptual Judgment Experiment

19. Conformity
adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

20. Solomon Asch (1907-1996) social psychologist
researched circumstances under which people conform

21. Asch’s Conformity Study

22. Asch’s Conformity Study

23. Factors Increasing Conformity
The person feels incompetent or insecure.
The group has three or more people.
The rest of the group is unanimous.
The person is impressed by the status of the group.
No prior commitments were made.
The group is observing the person respond.
One’s culture encourages conformity.

24. Stanley Milgram (1933-1984) social psychologist
researched obedience to authority

25. Obedience
tendency to comply with orders, implied or real, from someone perceived as an authority

26. Milgram’s Obedience to Authority

27. Milgram’s Obedience to Authority

28. Milgram’s Obedience to Authority (Data from Milgram, 1974)

29. Milgram’s Obedience to Authority

30. 4 Ethical Principles Guiding Human Research:
Informed consent – about nature of research & risks
Right to be protected from harm and discomfort
Right to confidentiality – can’t release data about individual participants
Right to debriefing – full explanation of research when involvement is done
Did Milgram’s study break any ethical principle/s? Which one/s?

31. Social Facilitation
improved performance of tasks in the presence of others
occurs with simple or well learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet learned

32. Social Loafing
tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

33. Answer this question on a blank sheet of paper:
Think about this…
Answer this question on a blank sheet of paper:
If you could be totally invisible for 24 hours and were completely assured that you would not be detected or held responsible for your actions, what would you do?
DO NOT write your name on your paper. Print your answers neatly. When you are finished, fold your paper in half

34. Deindividuation
loss of self-awareness & self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
people lose their sense of responsibility when in a group

35. Group Polarization
enhancement of a group’s prevailing attitudes through discussion within the group
examples: prejudice, terrorism

36. Groupthink
mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of the alternatives
go along with a group decision to get along with other people

37. Stanley Milgram Reading
Read page 624 – 625 and
answer the following questions:
When asked to predict the results of Milgram’s experiment, psychologists & psychiatrists said only what kind of people would go all the way to 450 volts?
What percentage of the participants actually went all the way to 450 volts?
How do women’s compliance rates compare?
What factors increased the likelihood of obedience?
What factors decreased the likelihood of obedience?
What lesson did Milgram want people to carry away from his experiment?