1. Properties of Materials
Classifying Matter:
Properties of Materials
and
Chemical Reactions

2. OUTCOME QUESTION(S): S1-2-07 S1-2-12
What properties classify elements as metals, nonmetals or metalloids?
S1-2-12
How do you identify physical or chemical change and if a chemical reaction has taken place?
Vocabulary & Concepts 
State/Phase Lustre Ductility
Malleability Solubility Conductivity
Reactivity Combustibility Toxicity
Precipitate Corrosion Oxidation
Law of Conservation of Matter

3. Anything that has mass and takes up space, or volume.
Matter:
Anything that has mass and takes up space, or volume. Na
NaCl
NaCl +
H2O
NaCl +
Pepper

4. A “staircase” on every Periodic Table separates the metals from the non-metals (with metalloids in between)

5. Can be qualitative or quantitative
Physical properties
Testing or measuring these traits will NOT change the original composition (what it is made of)
Can be qualitative or quantitative
quality
quantity
State/phase – solid, liquid or gas (at room temperature)
Hardness – how easy it is to scratch or dent
Viscosity – how easy it flows
Melting point – unique temperature needed to change from solid into liquid
Boiling point – unique temperature needed to change from liquid into gas

6. Other examples of Physical Properties:
Lustre – shiny (opposite – dull)
Malleability – how easy to bend or flatten
(opposite – brittle)
Ductility – how easy to pull into a wire
Solubility – how well it dissolves in water
Conductivity – how well it transfers heat/electricity
Quantitative traits require a measurement – melting point Qualitative traits don’t need one – state

7. Trait describes if substance reacts chemically
Chemical properties
Trait describes if substance reacts chemically
Testing or measuring these traits WILL change the original composition (will create something new)
Reactivity – does it react quickly?
Combustibility – does it ignite or burn?
Corrosion – does it react with acids?
Oxidation – does it react with air?
Toxicity – does it react with the body?
Testing a chemical property requires a chemical reaction that will alter what you test:
wood  ash

8. What qualitative and quantitative properties can you use to describe metals, non-metals and metalloids?

9. (*) – there are some exceptions to these properties
Property
Metal
Nonmetal
Metalloid
Lustre
Malleable
Ductile
State (Rm Tp)
Conduct heat
Conduct electricity
(*) – there are some exceptions to these properties
shiny
dull
shiny* * *
solid*
s / l / g
solid *
semi

10. Anything that changes what it “looks like” NOT “what it is”
Physical Change
A change in shape or state of a substance
- crushing, cutting, folding, smashing, melting, boiling…
No evidence of a new material forming H O
Anything that changes what it “looks like” NOT “what it is”

11. A chemical reaction has happened!
Chemical change
A change in the properties of a substance
**Means a new substance is formed
A chemical reaction has happened!
Evidence of a chemical change (and chemical reaction):
A change in colour
A change in smell
3. Fizzing or bubbling
(new gas being made)

12. Carbon Dioxide would put the flame out
Testing for Gases
Oxygen
flame re-ignites or glows brighter
Hydrogen
gas explodes with a “pop”
Carbon Dioxide would put the flame out

13. This new solid is called a precipitate
4. A new solid forms from a mixture of liquids or the mixture goes cloudy
This new solid is called a precipitate
A change in energy
“Energy” could be light, heat, sound – think of the most obvious change in energy reaction – an EXPLOSION!

14. Testing the property can cause a…
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Testing the property can cause a…
Physical change
Chemical change
Δ colour
Δ smell
Δ energy
Gas bubbles
Precipitate
State or
shape
NO Reaction
Chemical Reaction
Same substance with
same properties
New substance with
new properties

15. Would the tree and the ash weigh the same?
1000 kg
1000 kg
Would the tree and the ash weigh the same?

16. In any chemical reaction matter cannot be created or destroyed.
Law of Conservation of Matter:
In any chemical reaction matter cannot be created or destroyed.
Atoms will rearrange to form new compounds – with new properties, but the number and type of atoms will not change during the reaction

17. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? S1-2-07
What properties classify elements as metals, nonmetals or metalloids?
S1-2-12
How do you identify physical or chemical change and if a chemical reaction has taken place?
Vocabulary & Concepts 
State/Phase Lustre Ductility
Malleability Solubility Conductivity
Reactivity Combustibility Toxicity
Precipitate Corrosion Oxidation
Law of Conservation of Matter