1. Sex Differences

2. Sexual Reproduction Advantages of Sexual Reproduction Fossil records
Genetic Diversity
Potential Protections
Potential Adaptations
Fossil records

3. Sexual Dimorphism Sexual Dimorphism Parental Investment Competition
Humans

4. Hunter-Gatherer Differences
Duties=Abilities
Evolved Differences
Examples

5. Genetic Differences
23rd Chromosome Pair
Default sex
Y Chromosome

6. Hormonal Differences
Androgens
Estrogens
Testosterone
Female Hormones

7. Hormones Outside of Puberty
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
Sex Drive
Castrated Males

8. Physical Differences Men Women Taller, Stronger Greater Muscle Mass
Higher WTH ratio
More body hair
Thicker, more oily skin
Larger Adam’s Apple
Higher concentration of red blood cells
Women
Lower WTH ratio
Warmer skin
Higher percentage of body fat

9. Health Differences Men Women More Cardiovascular disease
More Lung cancer
More chromosomal conditions (X-linked)
Women
Live longer
More Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis
More elastic blood vessels
Lower blood pressure

10. Sensory Differences Men Women
More likely to develop hearing impairment
More likely to have color-blindness
Higher tolerance to pain
Women
More sensitive sense of smell
More sensitive to color differences
More pain receptors
More sensitive to sound, especially in higher ranges

11. Brain Differences Men Women Bigger Brains (not heavier, though)
Larger left inferior parietal lobes
Larger “sexually dimorphic nucleus” in hypothalamus
Women
Larger Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas
Parts of corpus callosum larger
Faster blood flow to brains
Lose less brain tissue

12. Cognitive Differences
Men
Better at 3D mental rotation tasks
Better at tasks requiring navigation through unfamiliar terrain
Navigate using abstractions (north, south)
Better at higher levels of mathematical reasoning
Women
Better at spatial tasks involving location memory of array of objects
Better at identifying/locating specific plants
Navigate using landmarks
Recover language function better, more quickly after stroke

13. Social/Emotional Differences
Men
More SA
More ASPxDx
Women
More depression
More anxiety
More eating dx
Show more activity in the brain when processing emotional events

14. Behavioral Differences
Men
More physical aggression
More violence
More risk-taking behaviors
Women
More relational aggression (unlike bonobos)
More nurturing behaviors

15. Fears Female Fear vs. Male Reality Males Risk-Taking
Female Cautiousness

16. Reproductive Differences
Fertility
Start of Puberty
Females Fertility
Male Fertility
World Records

17. Infidelity Mating Strategy—Mating BEHAVIOR Short Term vs. Long Term
True Monogamy
Naturalistic Fallacy