2. What do you need to Industrialize?
The 6 Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution

3. Efficient Agriculture
Not everyone needs to farm to survive
Enclosure
Primogeniture - 1st born inherits land
New crops from the New World
Farms able to harvest vast surplus and sell it
Stable Government
Supports economic liberalism
People are free to invest and make money w/o government intervention
CAPITALISM
Entrepreneurs take risks
Willing to impose tariffs
Prevent strikes & outlaw unions

4. 4. Capital – money to invest
3. Resources
Coal
Iron
Near Water
Lakes, rivers and oceans
Roads
4. Capital – money to invest
Could come from colonies
Entrepreneurs with nowhere else to invest
Primogeniture frees younger sons to invest
Demand
Having a dense population that is making money and ready to buy manufactured items

5. So China has an Industrial Revolution then, right?

6. Ming China (1348 – 1644) Efficient Agriculture – YES Resources – YES
Highly productive agriculture
World’s largest most diversified economy
Resources – YES
Rebuilt transportation networks along the Grand Canal to ship throughout China
Cotton from North China supported textiles
Silk
Tea
Exported to Japan and SE Asia for silver and spices

7. Stable Government – YES 4. Technology – YES
Educated political administration
4. Technology – YES
Color woodblock print
Textile equiptment
Cotton gins, spinning wheels
Scientific books
Other factors – Retreat and Problems
Crop failures led to famine
Plague
Army to defend Korea and Japan
Peasant rebellions made it easy for Manchus to conquer

8. Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1912) Efficient Agriculture – YES
Spain brought new crops
China improved rice production
Resources and Transportation – YES
Grand Canal and Yangzi River become commercial hub
Made China a political power
Strong Army
Stable Government – YES
Retained educated bureaucracy and value of Confucianism
Support of the Gentry

9. Economic Liberalism – NO
4. Demand - YES
By 1750 = ¼ of the world’s population
Demand of the world economy
Porcelain, cotton, textiles, silk, tea, etc.
Production increases as European demand increases
Economic Liberalism – NO
Capitalism and Industrialization did not develop

10. So Why Not China?

11. Continuity of Chinese Traditions
Bureaucracy dominated by gentry
Disliked merchants and their values
Merchants lacked political strength
Gov. heavily taxed and restricted merchants
Guilds regulated by the government
Gov. controlled valuable goods
Arms, textiles, pottery, silk, etc.
Valued agricultural society
Merchant ships told to return home
Art flourished but intellectually unchanged
No labor shortage
Neo – Confucianism
Increased social rigidity

12. So Why Europe?

13. Became the new “pole” Competitive Environment
Governments need for money
Trouble with taxing
Easier to tax things that move
Encouraged merchants
Benefit of American discovery
Increased contact around the world

14. So Why England Specifically?
Conjuncture Point – All the factors coming together at one time in one place

15. Agriculture Resources Transportation Capital Britain has iron and coal
Industrial centers formed around resources
Colonies for cotton
Transportation
Close to the sea
Roads/Turnpikes
Capital
Colonies
Primogeniture

16. Stable and SUPPORTIVE government
Constitutional Monarchy
Entrepreneurs in government
Protective tariffs
Single currency
Patent Laws
Royal Navy
6. Economic Liberalism
Free of internal trade barriers
Forbid unions
Guilds disbanded
Supported Enclosure

17. 7. Demand RESULTS Booming population Specialization created markets
Industrial output increased some 50% btw 1750 and 1900
Steam Engine
Limitless source of power

18. First and Second Industrial Revolutions
First Industrial Revolution – Textiles
Second Industrial Revolution
Iron and Steel Production
Railroads
Steamships
Food Processing
Construction
Chemicals
Electricity
Telegraph and Telephone
Rubber
Printing
Agriculture
Mechanical Reapers
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Refrigeration

19. “In two centuries, daily life changed more than it had in the 7,000 years before.”