1. Protein Synthesis: Transcription
Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes.
EQ: Why is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA so important?

2. Proteins Review Proteins are chains of amino acids = polypeptide
Proteins run living organisms
Enzymes
control all chemical reactions in living organisms
Structure
all living organisms are built out of proteins
made by a “protein factory” in cytoplasm
protein factory = ribosome
In cytoplasm

3. Remember…. DNA is a genetic CODE. DNA is stored inside the nucleus
All organisms share same genetic code.
DNA structure:
Double Helix
Nucleotides: A, T, C, G
A-T
C-G

4. Proteins and DNA DNA can code for making many different proteins
mRNA
Proteins and DNA
DNA can code for making many
different proteins
proteins make up physical features of our bodies
How do we read the DNA code for making proteins?
Protein synthesis!
Each gene = new protein
We read the DNA “code” in small sections (genes) when we need to make a new protein. (All the time!)
Protein

5. Protein Synthesis 2 Main steps:
Synthesis = the process of building or making something
Protein synthesis = the process of building proteins.
2 Main steps:
Transcription (DNA  RNA)
Translation (RNA  Protein)

6. Key Point #1- DNA must be transcribed into RNA inside the nucleus.
DNA does not leave the nucleus, so in order to make proteins, RNA must be made.
RNA = ribonucleic acid
We call this process Transcription because the DNA code is being transcribed into RNA.
Imagine you are an architect of a very special building, would you let your only set of blue prints leave with the builder?

7. Key Point #2- DNA and RNA contain the same genetic code.

8. Nucleic Acids DNA serves as a templet to make RNA
Deoxyribose sugar
Nucleotides: A, C, T, G
Shape: double- stranded
One type
RNA
Ribose sugar
Nucleotides: A, C, U, G
Shape: single- stranded
Three types: rRNA, mRNA, tRNA

9. Transcription: How does Transcription work
DNA strand is the template for RNA
match RNA bases
CG
G C
T A
A U (instead of T)
RNA polymerase = Enzyme unzips and reads DNA
Similar to what process?
DNA replication
Except we are only making 1 strand and replacing the T with U

10. Transcription Step 1 RNA polymerase unzips double stranded DNA A G T C

11. Transcription Step 2
Match RNA bases to DNA bases on one of the DNA strands
Uracil (instead of Thymine) is matched to A
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGG U
DNA A G C
RNA
polymerase U
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCC
mRNA A G A C C T G G T A C A G C T A G T C A T C G T A C C G T

12. I wish I was adenine, then I could get paired with U..
* Hint: remember…
RN*A* loves “U”
I wish I was adenine, then I could get paired with U.. 
RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine

13. Steps of Transcription
Newly built mRNA exit the nucleus and heads to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

14. Lets Practice DNA STRAND: GAATTACA CUUAAUGU CCAATTAG GGUUAAUC ATAGACAG
UAUCUGUC
CCAGTACA
GGUCAUGU

15. Practice with Transcription: Complete on LEFT
Let’s practice transcription! I’ll give you one strand of DNA, and you complete the complementary strand of RNA. (Remember, in RNA replace A with U).
DNA strand: ATT AGG CCG GAT TAG CCT ATT
RNA strand: UAA UCC G k
DNA strand: ATT GCA TTA TCG ATT ATC CTA
RNA strand: l

16. Practice with Transcription
Let’s practice transcription! I’ll give you one strand of DNA, and you complete the complementary strand of RNA. (Remember, in RNA replace A with U).
DNA strand: ATT AGG CCG GAT TAG CCT ATT
RNA strand:UAA UCC GGC CUA AUC GGA UAA
DNA strand: ATT GCA TTA TCG ATT ATC CTA
RNA strand: UAA CGU AAU AGC UAA UAG GAU

17. Create the following table onto LEFT page
DNA
BOTH
RNA

18. Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA
contains genetic information
uses the sugar deoxyribose
double stranded
used in transcription
single stranded
Can leave the nucleus
A=U
A=T
cannot leave the nucleus
used in DNA Replication
made up of phosphates, sugars and nitrogen bases
uses the sugar ribose
use G, C and A
Sort the following bullets into the category it should go into the chart you just made.

19. DNA Both RNA double stranded single stranded A=T
uses the sugar deoxyribose
cannot leave the nucleus
used in DNA Replication
-both are used in transcription
-made up of phosphates, sugars and nitrogen bases
-contain genetic information
-use G, C and A
single stranded
A=U
uses the sugar ribose
Can leave the nucleus
used in translation

20. Independent Practice: meaning on your own!
Complete Individual Transcription Practice… both sides. This will go onto the LEFT side of your Interactive Notebook
C- level 2 voice
H- ask 3 before me
A- transcription worksheet
M- remain seated at your assigned table (moving around will be a strike!)
P- complete your own practice sheet and paste in your notebook
Success!