1. The Aftermath of World War I
Aftermath of WWI
The Aftermath of World War I
The War to end all wars?????

2. Treaty of Versailles
Element: Explain the major decisions made in the Versailles Treaty; include German reparations and the mandate system that replaced Ottoman control.
Vocabulary: mandate system, Treaty of Versailles

3. Russia Taps Out!
March 1917, food and fuel shortages in Russia forced Czar Nicholas to give up power.
The Russian people were tired of fighting, and the army refused to fight any longer. (5.5 million casualties)

4. A Failed Final Push Germany can now fight on one front.
March 1918, Germany launched a major offensive on the Allies and by May were 40 miles from Paris.

5. Central Powers Collapse
Allies launched a counterattack against a weakened Germany.
2 million U.S. soldiers aid allied advance at the Second Battle of Marne.

6. Armistice Austria-Hungary had a revolution and surrendered.
Germans turned on the Kaiser and declared a republic.
Armistice- agreement to end fighting, signed on

7. Let’s Summarize…
This country pulled out of the war due to food shortages and massive casualties.
This country reinforced the allies with millions of troops and helped push the Germans back.
Explain what an armistice is.

8. “The day must come when a German government shall summon up the courage to declare to the foreign powers: The Treaty of Versailles is founded on a monstrous lie. We fulfill nothing more. Do what you will! If you want battle, look for it!” -Adolf Hitler

9. The Big 4 Group of leaders known as the Big Four dominate peace talks:
Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
Georges Clemenceau (France)
David Lloyd George (Great Britain)
Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Germany was not represented.

10. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
speech presented to Congress
fourteen solutions to create a lasting peace in Europe
end secret alliances and militarism
proposed development of the League of Nations

11. Let’s Summarize… Who was not invited to the peace talks?
What was the name of President Wilson’s peace proposal?

12. The Treaty of Versailles
Britain, France oppose Wilson’s ideas; want to punish Germany
Allies, Germany sign the, Treaty of Versailles, in June 1919
Wilson’s only contribution was the League of Nations

13. Germany’s Punishment
Germany signed a war guilt clause, that placed 100% of the blame on them
Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars in war reparations, and lost much of their territory

14. Military Restrictions
Limits set on the size of the German army
Germany prohibited from importing or manufacturing weapons or war material
Germany forbidden to build or buy submarines or have an air force
Rhineland was established as a demilitarized zone

15. Territorial Loses Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France
French border extended to west bank of Rhine River
Germany surrendered all of its overseas colonies in Africa and the pacific

16. Europe Before and After WWI

17. Development of New Nations
Austria-Hungary:
Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia recognized as independent nations
Russia:
Romania and Poland both gained Russian land. Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, formerly Russia, became independent nations

18. Let’s Summarize…
What country did the Treaty of Versailles have the biggest impact on?
What is a war guilt clause and who signed it?
Describe the ways in which Germany was punished.

19. Mandate System Description:
territories of the Central powers fell under the control of an Allied Power, instead of being granted independence
Example:
France = Lebanon and Syria
Great Britain = Iraq and Palestine (modern-day Israel)

20. Mandate System Results:
seen as a betrayal by many in these Arab nations and served to instill bitterness against the West in many parts of the Middle East
Ottoman Empire retained only land in Anatolia

21. League of Nations Description:
proposed by President Wilson in his message known as the “Fourteen Points”
fourteenth point was the creation of a League of Nations

22. League of Nations Purpose: international peace organization
to provide a place where countries could peacefully discuss solutions to their differences rather than go to war

23. League of Nations Issues: enemy and neutral nations initially excluded
Germany and Russia excluded
the United States did not join the League
without any means to enforce its decisions
proved powerless to stop the onset of a second world war

24. Let’s Summarize…
What region of the world was affected by the mandate system? Why there?
Explain what the League of Nations is. Why was it created?

25. Opening The Door For WWII
Treaty of Versailles created feelings of bitterness on both sides
German people feel hatred after taking blame for war

26. Reaction to Treaty
America never signs Treaty of Versailles because they didn’t support the League of Nations.
“A peace built on quicksand.”

27. Reaction to Treaty Africans & Asians: Angered at lack of independence
Italy & Japan:
Disappointment at lack of territory gained

28. So why agree to the treaty?
There were many in Germany who did not want to accept the treaty, but the only alternative was to start fighting again.

29. Let’s Summarize… Who refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles?
Why did America refuse to ratify the treaty?
What term describes the concept of money losing its value?

30. Destabilization of Europe
Element: Analyze the destabilization of Europe in the collapse of the great empires; include the Romanov and Hapsburg dynasties.
Vocabulary: Hapsburg Dynasty, Romanov Dynasty

31. Destabilization of Europe
Description:
European monarchies being replaced with democratic governments
Examples:
Germany with the creation of the Weimar Republic
Russia, Austria, Spain

32. Romanov Dynasty The Russian Revolution: in 1917
began as strikes among the lower working classes
Czar Nicholas II ordered troops to put down the uprisings
many of his soldiers switched sides and joined the rebellious crowds
on March 12, Nicholas II abdicated his throne

33. Hapsburg Dynasty Austrian Decline:
ruled much of Europe since the tenth century
defeat of Germany and Austria-Hungary
fell from power with a Revolution
Outcome:
replaced with a democratic government
Several nations will develop as a result to include Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia

34. Hapsburg Dynasty Spain: will continue to rule until 1931
economic crisis that will engulf the world after World War I will aid in the fall of the Spanish Hapsburg’s
will be replaced with an elective government

35. Let’s summarize …
Why was Europe less “stable” (destabilized) following World War I?

36. Global Impact of World War I
Political and economic instability during the postwar years, combined with the resentment felt by the German people towards the Treaty of Versailles, eventually led Europe back into war within just a few years.

37. Let’s Summarize …
So, ultimately, what’s the global impact of World War I?