1. The United Nations
Social 30

2. God originated nations and languages to keep man scattered.
Genesis 11:1-9
God originated nations and languages to keep man scattered.

4. Two Directions
In a sense, the course of world went in two directions following the Second World War:
Internationalism the United Nations
Nationalism the Cold War

5. Creation of the UN
The first commitment to create a new organization came in 1941, when U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill announced the Atlantic Charter, in which they pledged to work toward a more effective system to keep world peace and promote cooperation.
The USA, USSR, UK and China met in 1944 at the Dumbarton Oaks estate in Washington, D.C., and drafted a charter for the new organization. They called the new league the United Nations. But they still could not agree to certain details, such as membership and voting rights.
The four countries met again in early 1945 at a summit in Yalta, Ukraine. There, they settled their differences and called for a conference of nations to complete their work. On April 25, 1945, the United Nations Conference on International Organization convened in San Francisco. The delegates worked for two months to complete a charter for the UN that included its purpose, principles, and organizational structure.

6. Pre-UN, but important
As an aside, Western-world leaders also met at Bretton Woods to set direction for the post-war financial world.
Out of the meetings at Bretton Woods came the GATT and IMF, and establishment of the gold standard
(we will talk about Bretton Woods again)

7. Fact Sheet—UN Established 1945 Headquarters in New York, NY
Successor to the League of Nations
Aim to preserve collective peace and security and to deal with the economic, social and cultural problems of the world
Does have access to a military force
USA and USSR or dominant players

8. Purpose and Principles of the UN
Purposes
maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples
To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and
This is modified, there are others.

9. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.
Principles
sovereign equality of all its Members.
All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.
All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state

11. Organization

12. General Assembly Security Council Includes all member nations
Meets once a year
Lots of discussion
Often needs 2/3 of representatives to override SC
Security Council
Most powerful organ (maybe)
Maintains peace and security
Five permanent members, each has a veto
China
France
Great Britain
USA
USSR (Russia)
Ten elected, rotating members

14. Economic and Social Council
Specialized agencies
Initiates programs to prevent famine and disease across the world.
Trusteeship Council
Responsible for UN Trust Territories
All 11 of the original trust territories have achieved self-government.

16. The International Court of Justice (World Court)
Secretariat
Administrative branch of UN
Considerable executive power and political influence
Power to set agendas and call meetings
The International Court of Justice (World Court)
Judicial arm
Only nation-sates can bring cases to this court
Can rule on interpretations of UN Charter
This is different than the International Criminal Court

19. Peacekeeping and Peacemaking
Talk about difference between peacekeeping and peacemaking

20. Peacekeeping Africa MINURCAT UNAMID UNMIS UNOCI UNMIL MONUC UNMEE
MINURSO
Americas
MINUSTAH
Asia and the Pacific
UNMIT
UNMOGIP
Europe
UNFICYP
UNOMIG
UNMIK
Middle East
UNDOF
UNIFIL
UNTSO

21. Cooperation versus Conflict
For brief discussion:
What are the pros and cons of both cooperation and conflict?

22. the United Nations "has failed to contain aggression, failed to stop proliferation, and failed to prevent genocide."
-Mitt Romney
Compare sources: what are the criticism of the UN? Counter arguments?

23. SS#11-4&7
SS#39-2