1. Science and Technology
Section 4
Science and Technology

2. Essential Questions What are the different types of technology?
Why might the value of technology vary for different people at different times?
From where do funds for science research come?
How can consumers affect technological development?

3. Review Vocabulary
industrialized: a country that has developed industry and experiences large economic growth

4. New Vocabulary
technology
society

5. What is technology?
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to benefit people. The possible types of technology are an object, a technique, a skill or a system.
The hand in this image is a technological object. The knowledge needed to interpret this image is also technology.
Brandi Simons/Getty Images

6. Global Technological Needs
The value of technology may differ for different people and at different times. The technology that is needed in the United States is not necessarily needed in other parts of the world. The needs for technology are different in developing and industrialized countries.
Developing countries: People work hard for their basic needs like food, water, and shelter. Technology is limited to suppling these needs like clean drinking water or healthcare or internet access.
Industrialized countries: Countries that have developed industries and have experienced economic growth. Technology used her is designed to improve the quality of life.

7. Social Forces that Shape Technology
Science and society are closely connected. Society is a group of people that share similar values and beliefs. Discoveries in science and technology bring about changes in society. In turn, society affects how new technologies develop through voting and buying habits. The development of technology is affected by society and its changing values, politics, and economics. Ex. Fuel efficient cars.
Jeff Kowalsky/Bloomberg/Getty Images

8. Economic Forces that Shape Technology
Many factors influence how much money is spent on technology. Before funding is given for a project, several questions should be answered. What is the benefit for this product? What is the cost? Who will buy this product? All of these questions should be answered before money is given for a project. Various methods exist to fund new and existing technology.
Spencer Grant/age fotostock

9. Economic Forces that Shape Technology
Federal Government- Congress and the President place large amounts of money in the federal budget for scientific research and development. Funds are reserved for specific types of research like agricultural transportation, or defense. Citizens can affect how this money is spent by voting.
Private Foundations- Raise money for special types of research like disease research. Examples of this are cancer or muscular dystrophy research. Fund raising may include telethons, races, or special events.
Private Industries-Industries budget a portion of their profits for research and development. Investing in this way can bring profits to the company in the long term. Bringing new products to market is one way companies make profits. Ex. New iPhone models

10. Moral and Ethical Issues
When people need to distinguish between right and wrong, what is fair, and what is in the best interest of all people, moral and ethical issues are raised. Ethics help scientists establish standards that they agree to follow when they collect, analyze, and report data. Scientists are expected to conduct investigations honestly and openly (without bias).
Imagemore/Getty Images

11. Moral and Ethical Issues
Biotechnology: Any technological application using living things or systems.
Traditional examples are breeding animals for certain traits or fermentation to make cheese or wine. Modern examples are genetically engineered crops, stem cells, plastids, cloning. Some modern biotechnology is controversial to peoples ethics and moral beliefs.

12. Assessment 1. Which of the following is NOT considered technology? car
shovel B
leaf C
CORRECT
book D