1. Booker T. Washington (1856-1915)
Born a slave
Educated at Hampton Institute (VA) (in industrial ed)
Founded his own school: Tuskegee Institute (1881)
Wrote Up From Slavery
(1901)
Founded the National
Negro Business League
with A. Carnegie’s financial assistance
His most famous speech was the so-called “Atlanta Compromise”

2. W.E.B. DuBois ( )
Educated at Fisk University and Harvard (where he became the first African-American to earn a Ph.D.)
Wrote The Souls of Black Folk in 1903
“The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line”
Used a “veil” as an image of
black double-consciousness
Argued that a “talented tenth”
was ready for higher education and
liberal arts study
DuBois and others founded the
Niagara Movement in 1905 to protest
legal segregation and the curtailment of voting rights