1. Warm Up: What would you do?
Now that the Civil War is over, what would you do as president to “reunite” the nation?

2. Reconstruction & Its Aftermath
8-1 Reconstruction Plans

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Rebuilding the South
LESSON 1
Big Idea
The nation faced many problems in rebuilding the Union.
Main Ideas
President Lincoln and Congress differed in their views as Reconstruction began.
The end of the Civil War meant freedom for African Americans in the South.
President Johnson’s plan began the process of Reconstruction.
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Reconstruction Begins
Main Idea 1
President Lincoln and Congress differed in their views as Reconstruction began.
Reconstruction: the process of readmitting the former Confederate states to the Union, lasted from to 1877
Damaged South
The South had been severely damaged by war— cities, towns, and farms had been ruined.
Many southerners faced starvation.
Banks failed, and merchants went bankrupt.
continued…
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5. Lincoln’s Plan Wade-Davis Bill
Thaddeus Stevens: Declared south should be broken
Congressional “Radical” Republicans’ alternative to Lincoln’s plan
1st- majority of whites had to swear allegiance: 51% not 10%
2nd- Only those men could vote for reps in Congress
3rd- Former Rebels couldn’t hold public office
4th- Had to adopt state gov’t that abolished slavery
They could be readmitted to Union
Lincoln refused to sign the bill into law.
Lincoln’s Plan
The Ten Percent Plan offered amnesty, or official pardon, to southerners.
Southerners had to swear allegiance to the Union and agree that slavery was illegal.
New state governments could be formed once 10 percent of voters had made these pledges.
Lincoln wanted to restore order quickly.

6. Freedom for African Americans
Main Idea 2
The end of the Civil War meant freedom for African Americans in the South.
Slavery Ends
One thing Republicans agreed on was abolishing slavery.
Lincoln urged Congress to propose the Thirteenth Amendment.
Made slavery illegal in the United States
The amendment was ratified, and took effect on December 18, 1865.

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Main Idea 2
Slavery Ends
Newly freed slaves faced many changes.
Married couples could legalize their marriages.
Families searched for members who had been sold away.
Many moved from mostly white counties to places with more African Americans.
Forty Acres to Farm?
Freed people demanded same economic and political rights as white citizens.
Many former slaves wanted their own land to farm.
Many white planters refused to surrender their land.
The U.S. government returned land to its original owners.
continued…
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Freedmen’s Bureau
Established by Congress in 1865
Provided relief for freed people and certain poor people in the South
Food, Clothing, and Medical aid
Distributed food and provided education and legal help
Established 3,000 schools and several universities
Helped freedmen acquire land (abandoned or seized by Union army)
40 acres and a mule
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President Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
Main Idea 3
President Johnson’s plan began the process of Reconstruction.
A New President
President Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865.
Vice president Andrew Johnson became president.
Johnson’s Reconstruction plan was similar to Lincoln’s, but included the need for wealthy southerners and former Confederate officials to receive presidential pardons in order to receive amnesty.
continued…
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10. Lincoln Assassinated! 14 April 1865- Lincoln & wife, Mary Todd
Went to Ford’s Theatre to see play, Our American Cousin
5 days after Lee surrenders
4 yrs. To the day of fall of Fort Sumter to start the war
John Wilkes Booth, actor and Rebel spy
Enters into presidential booth undetected
Shot Lincoln in back of the head
Leapt from box onto stage, shouts Sic Temper Tyrannous, Latin for Thus Always to Tyrants
Escapes in to chaos
Aides carry Lincoln across street to Patterson house where he dies a few hours later
Booth escapes into VA before being caught by Union army on April 26th
Refuses to surrender and is shot to death in a barn
Booth was mastermind in plot to kill all high gov’t officials at same time
Court convicted 8 of the conspirators and saw 4 of them hanged
Lincoln Assassination Eyewitness (Feb 9, 1956) (5:29) on poster
The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (5:55) on picture

11. “Restoration” May 1865- Johnson announces his “Restoration” plan
Part 1- southerners granted amnesty after swear oath to Union
Part 2- Rebel Officers and officials could be pardoned
Had to apply in person to the President
Part 3- only whites who swore oath and were pardoned could vote
Part 4- allowed new state gov’ts to decide on voting rts for blacks
Part 5- states had to have convention where they denounced secession and must abolish slavery
Had to ratify, sign into law the 13th Amendment, which abolishes slavery in all states
By end of 1865 all rebel states had done these things except TX
President Johnson declared “restoration” almost complete

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New State Governments
Johnson appointed a temporary governor to lead each state.
States were required to revise their constitutions and declare that secession was illegal.
States had to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment and refuse to pay Confederate debts.
All southern states except Texas had created new governments by 1865.
Johnson declared the Union to be restored, but Congress refused to readmit southern states into the Union because too many newly elected representatives had been leaders of the Confederacy.
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13. Exit Ticket: Essential Question
How did Lincoln’s death change the course of “Reconstruction?”