1. Groups Most Vulnerable to Poverty

2. TRADITIONAL NUCLEAR FAMILIES
Which of the following groups of people are most likely to suffer from POVERTY in the UK today and WHY?
YOUNG WOMEN
CHILDREN
YOUNG MEN
TRADITIONAL NUCLEAR FAMILIES
PENSIONERS
ETHNIC MINORITIES

3. Groups Most Vulnerable to Poverty
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05/03/19
Groups Most Vulnerable to Poverty
To describe some of the groups more vulnerable to poverty in the UK
To explain why some groups are more vulnerable to poverty in the UK today
Learning
Success
Provide a detailed explanation as to why some groups of people are more likely to suffer from poverty in the UK today.
Take detailed notes on groups vulnerable to poverty in the UK
Discuss potential essay questions which may come up on this topic
Write a practice paragraph about child poverty in the UK
Today

4. Absolute and Relative Poverty
It is difficult to get one single definition of poverty. Poverty in Britain is, for the most part, relative rather than absolute.
Absolute Poverty – Absolute poverty is the type of poverty experienced in very poor, lesser developed countries. This could be when people are living on very little money, for example £1/2 per day.
Relative Poverty - Relative poverty is defined in terms of the area in which a person lives. It applies to wealthy, developed countries such as the UK. A person is living in relative poverty if the household income is less than a certain amount of money. (60% or less than average income of country).

5. How is Poverty measured?
Some groups in the UK are more affected than other groups by poverty.
If you are on a low income in the UK you compare yourself with better off British people rather than those in absolute poverty in other parts of the world.
The official measure of poverty used by the DWP: “the poverty line” is classed at 60% of median household income – Households Below Average Income, HBAI.

6. How is Poverty measured?
People are considered as living in poverty if they live in households with less than 60% of median household income. This is the key measure used by UK and Scottish government, and by the EU.
Using this measure, and before housing costs are taken into account, 2016/17 official data showed:
A single person is in poverty if they are living on less than £ per week
A lone parent family with one child (age 0-1) is living in poverty if they are living on less than £ per week

7. Source – Joseph Rowantree Foundation, April 2017

8. Poverty in Scotland, and across the UK, is significantly higher than in other European countries. Poverty exists across Scotland. Nearly all local authorities in Scotland have council wards where over 20% of their children live in poverty.
The gap in attainment among children from the most and least deprived areas is very large and increases as children get older.
Nearly one in five adults in the poorest fifth of the population experience anxiety or depression, far higher than in those who are wealthier
The majority of people in the poorest fifth of the population in Scotland do not have any savings or investments, and are not building up a pension

9. Groups More Vulnerable To Poverty
Women: lower average income (80% of males for FT employees; 50% PT), lower pensions; responsibility for caring of children / elderly so less likely to work.
Unemployed and low-paid: lower incomes.
Lone parents: 90%+ are females; cost of raising children; poorer employment prospects.
NEET 16/17 year olds (Not in Education, Employment and Training): often ‘disappeared from system’.
Disabled or those who care for disabled: fewer and poorer employment prospects.

10. Groups More Vulnerable To Poverty
Ethnic Minorities: poorer employment prospects; disproportionately represented in poorer paid jobs.
Pensioners: especially oldest pensioners dependent on only the state pension or modest occupational pensions.

11. Groups More Vulnerable To Poverty
Children –
There were 4 million children living in poverty in the UK in That’s 30 per cent of children, or 9 in a classroom of 30.
Work does not provide a guaranteed route out of poverty in the UK. Two-thirds (67%) of children growing up in poverty, live in a family where at least one person works.
Child poverty blights childhoods. Growing up in poverty means being cold, going hungry, not being able to join in activities with friends. For example, 61% of families on the lowest incomes would like, but cannot afford, to take their children on holiday for one week a year.

12. Child poverty has long-lasting effects
Child poverty has long-lasting effects. By 16, children receiving free school meals achieve 1.7 grades lower at GCSE than their wealthier peers.
Leaving school with fewer qualifications translates into lower earnings over the course of a working life.
Child poverty reduced dramatically between 1998/9-2011/12 when 1.1 million children were lifted out of poverty. This reduction is credited in large part to measures that increased the levels of lone parents in work, as well as real and often significant increases in the level of benefits paid to families with children.
Under current government policies, child poverty is expected to rise with 4.7 million children in the UK projected to be living in poverty by 2020.

14. Children in Poverty
What wealth inequalities do children experience? Why?
Child poverty: Caught in cycle of poverty due to their parents/guardians . Rise in Working Poor families.
Educational inequalities: school and university is often out of reach of pupils therefore leading to an inequality of wealth.
Children who grow up in poverty tend to do less well in education because of factors in their home background:
having parents who are more stressed
less able to afford educational activities and resources
less well-placed to help them with their school work.

15. Children in Poverty
What health inequalities do children experience? Why?
Poor lifestyle choices – diet and lack of exercise, this can lead to chronic illnesses such as diabetes. Children who are from socially deprived backgrounds are also more likely to be obese because of a poor diet of junk food and cheap ready meals.
Housing affects health also e.g dampness leading to asthma, a cold home can lead to hypothermia in extreme cases.
Statistically speaking poorer children are 2.5 times more likely to suffer chronic illnesses such as asthma and diabetes.

16. Health and well-being have a clear link to educational attainment and aspirations.
By 3 years old, children from low-income households are nearly three times more likely to suffer mental health problems than children from more affluent homes.
Children living in poverty are almost twice as likely to live in poor housing. This has significant effects on both their physical and mental health as well as educational achievement.

18. Evaluate the impact of social inequality on a group in society that you have studied (12)
Choose one group and give 3 points to show that they are vulnerable to social inequalities. In this essay you can discuss poverty, health issues and educational problems.
In this essay I would discuss CHILDREN as the group although you could discuss WOMEN and gender inequality (we will look at this later in the week).

19. Wealth inequality (poverty) and children
Evaluate the impact of social inequality on a group in society that you have studied (12)
KEKE paragraphs on:
Wealth inequality (poverty) and children
Health inequality and children
Educational inequality and children

20. Social inequality can have a very damaging effect on children in the UK - one area of children’s lives that is effected by social inequality is health. It is estimated that 1 in 4 Scottish children live below the poverty line and with the gap between rich and poor widening the numbers are set to increase to over 4 million by (K) Many aspects of child health are affected by poverty, including physical and mental health which can have long-term detrimental effects on children. For example, by 3 years old, children from low-income households are nearly three times more likely to suffer mental health problems than children from more affluent homes (K). Therefore, it is clear that impact of social inequality on the mental health of children can have long-lasting and devastating impacts as children from a poorer or poverty stricken background will struggle far more to recover from the effect of mental ill health than those from wealthier backgrounds (E). Moreover, the impact of poverty can be seen in the poor diet that many children in poverty face on a daily basis. A quarter of low income families have reported that they have to skip meals as they do not have enough money to eat three healthy meals a day. (K) Arguably, a lack of proper nutrition and poor diet in childhood has a lasting impact and it can be linked to the fact that those who are poorer in childhood have a shorter life expectancy than those who grow up in higher income families. (E)

21. Evaluate the impact of social inequality on a group in society that you have studied (12)
Write a practice KEKE paragraph for the above essay on either the wealth inequalities children suffer or the educational inequalities children suffer.
Remember, the essay question asks about IMPACT of social inequality so your evaluation should focus on IMAPCT.