1. Forms of Energy Light Energy
Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer and Transformation Ms. Solernou Science
Preview P-SELL Big Ideas 10 & 11 Teacher’s Edition and the other P-SELL resources. Have the student book open on the computer and ready to play. If electronic Notebooks or other devices are available for class use, it is suggested that the Big Idea 13 Student book be placed on them for student access.
Open up Discovery Education on your Employee Portal and minimize. If you have trouble opening up a Discovery Education link, try the generic user name:
Miami_employee# and reverse it for password: employee#_miami
Forms of Energy
Light Energy

2. Draw a picture of some examples of using energy in your notebook.

3. What are some Forms of Energy?
Electrical
Light
Sound
Chemical
Heat/Thermal
Mechanical
kinetic
potential
Big Idea 10 Energy PSELL
Student Book Read p. 90.
Complete
p. 91
Finding Energy
Explore: Discovery: Students can find info on forms of energy in the PSELL Big Idea 10 Energy Student Book p
Gr. 5 AIMS Physical Science book: Forms of Energy or in the ScienceSaurus on pp. 285, or . Also you can revisit energy pictures on different slides for more examples - wind
Point out to students that two forms of mechanical energy on listed on the table. Have students read the paragraphs at the bottom of p Then ask volunteers to explain each with an example.
****Note: The teacher can facilitate the rest of lesson 1 and lesson 2 or assign pages 448 – 455 to groups of students using the following jigsaw strategy:
Table 1 Reads and presents p. 448 paragraphs 1 – 2. Give the group several balls with different masses and some boxes to demonstrate the effects of mass and speed.
Table 2 Reads and presents par. 3 on p and p.449 on kinetic energy changing into different forms. Give this group a ramp, marbles, and some different ramp coverings with smooth and rough textures to demonstrate how friction can be changed.
Table 3 Reads and presents p Give this group metal balls and marbles of different sizes, pieces of clay, and the slider cup activity.
Table 4 Reads and presents p Give this group slinkies, spring toys, and magnets.
Table 5 Reads and presents p Chemical Energy and the two tables on p Give students D batteries, wire, and light bulbs.
Table 6 Reads and presents Chapter 14, lesson 2 p. 454 – 455 – sound energy. Give students different sizes of rubber bands, plastic cups, and tuning forks.
Explain: Reread Grade 5 AIMS Physical Science Forms of Energy booklet.
for their demo.
****Or teacher facilitates following SF TE guide.

4. How is Energy all around us?
You can hear energy as sound
when someone talks.
You can see mechanical energy every time you move.
You can see energy as light from the sun or a lamp.
You can feel it as heat warms things up.
Discovery Fundamentals:
Energy Makes it Happen
Evaluation: Ask students what are some examples of energy in this room. Tell students to look at the clip art in the slide and name an energy that is all around us. Play the video by clicking on the link Energy is all around us! Ask students to give other examples of energy in their lives.

5. What is Energy?
Work is done when a force moves an object.

6. Energy :
Has the ability to cause motion
Example: electrical energy is needed to start car engine
Can cause changes in matter
Example: plants use the energy in sunlight for food.

7. Exploring Forms of Energy

8. Light Energy
Why are these pictures examples of light energy?
The sun and stars are examples of light energy. They provide a natural source of light and this light energy travels all the way to the Earth. The sun’s light energy is so powerful it can even be converted to electrical energy through solar power!
Can these pictures be examples of any other forms of energy?
CPALMS Content - All Images in Powerpoint obtained from: commons.wikimedia.org

9. What is light? Light is something that allows us to see objects.
Light is a form of energy that travels in waves.
Light is produced when one form of energy is changed to light energy.
Examples: In a light bulb, electrical energy is changed to light energy. In a fire, chemical energy stored in the fuel is changed to light energy.
Light is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles.
Light can travel through empty space where there is no air.
Airless space is called a vacuum.
Engage Activity: Direct students to look a wall chart of teacher’s choice and focus on it. Then turn off the lights, making the room as dark as possible. Ask how clear is the chart you were looking at? Turn the lights back on. Have students discuss why it was hard to see? Allow for responses. What else do you see in the room? What you really see is light bouncing off … the print on the chart, the walls, the tables, the chairs, etc. You can only see objects if they reflect light . If possible, play Color is Muted Light from Bill Nye’s classroom edition DVD LIGHT AND COLOR.
Explain: Distribute a light graphic organizer (LGO) for students to write light facts as the exploration of light and its properties continues.
Ask: What is light? Light is something that allows us to see objects. (Add to Light Graphic Organizer) Has light helped us do work? Does light create change? Is light a form of energy? Yes, Light is a type of energy. (Add to LGO) How does it work?
Explore with the Beam of Light activity: Let’s take a closer look at a beam of light. Remind students that it is important never to look directly at any source of light, because it could damage their eyes. Shine a flashlight at the ceiling.
Ask is light passing through air? Yes. Why can’t you see a beam of light in the air? Light is invisible just like the air. So we’ll follow these steps to observe a light beam : Ask for a volunteer from each group (about seven). Give one volunteer a flashlight. Put a small amount of talcum powder in the palm of each of the other volunteers’ hands. Line up these volunteers in pairs facing each other in a straight line with their palms extended holding the powder. Direct the volunteer with the flashlight to shine the flashlight just below the row of hands. Turn off the lights. The darker the room, the more easily the beam can be seen. Tell the participants to observe while the volunteers with powder clap their hands.
Ask. Can you see the light beam? Why? (The moving particles of light are reflecting off the talcum powder in the air.
Light is a type of energy (Add to LGO) produced by the vibration of electrically charged particles. Go to SF Pearson SuccessNet Video # 109.
We’ll learn more about light by exploring light’s properties.

10. How does light travel?
Light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels from one material to another.
The light we see is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The waves have different lengths (some are long while others are short).
We cannot see very long or very short waves.
The only waves we can see are the ones between the very long or very short waves.
Visible light includes all the colors we can see in a rainbow:
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

11. Short waves: Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet waves
Long waves: radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves.
Of all the visible light waves, red light has the longest waves and violet light has the shortest waves.
Notice that as waves become shorter, their frequency increases.

12. What is frequency?
Frequency is the number of waves that move past a point in a certain amount of time.

13. The highest part of a wave is called the crest.
The lowest part is called the trough.
The distance between one crest and the next crest is called the wavelength.
(The wavelength can also be measured between troughs).

14. What is “White light”? Sunlight is white light.
It contains all the colors of the rainbow (red, orange, yellow green, blue, indigo, violet)
When rays of white color pass from one material through another material, the colors can separate.
When do you see a rainbow?
A rainbow happens when white light from the sun passes through tiny droplets of water in the air. The white light separates into the colors you see in arainbow.

15. Reflection, Transmitted, Absorbed…
Reflected means the light is bounced back by the object.
Transmitted means the light passes through the object.
Absorbed means the light is taken in by the object.

16. Light rays bounce off a mirror at the same angle they hit the mirror.
Light rays bounce off your face, hit the mirror, and bounce back to you.
Light rays bounce off a mirror at the same angle they hit the mirror.
What happens if you tilt the mirror?
If you tilt the mirror, the light from your face bounces off the mirror at an angle, not straight back at you.
You don’t see your face in the mirror. You see the reflection of something else.

17. Why is an apple red? The apple reflects red light.
It absorbs the other colors, so you don’t see those colors?
What about a green apple?
The green apple reflects ____ light.
The green aple reflects green light

18. Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
See examples
Can you give some examples of each?

19. Fun Facts!
Did you know that light from the Sun takes a little more than 8 minutes to reach Earth?

20. What are Properties of Light?
Light travels in a straight path.
Light doesn’t travel through all objects (Opaque)
Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.
Light bounces off or is reflected from some kinds of opaque objects.
Some objects let all light pass through them are known as: transparent
Some objects let some light pass through them are known as: translucent
Engage:
What kind of path did the light from the flashlight take in the previous activity? Then demonstrate the following with a volunteer:
From a distance of about five meters, point the flashlight in its off position at the board. Have a new volunteer draw a big X on the board where he / she predicts the flashlight beam will hit. Then turn on the flashlight. Observe the beam. What happened?
Gr. 3 Physical Science AIMS activity: Flashlight Findings pp
Explain: (Add to LGO) Light travels in a straight path. Gr. 3 SF p. 371
Then repeat except this time have a volunteer place a thick piece of cardboard (or some other kind of opaque object ) in front of the beam. What happened this time? The light rays are blocked, and the cardboard casts a shadow. (Add to LGO) Light doesn’t travel through all objects. The cardboard absorbed the light rays. Absorbed light is converted into some other form, such as thermal energy. Can someone explain why most car owners prefer a light color car interior versus a black interior? What kind of energy is light converted to in this example? (heat)
Add to LGO. Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.
Extension: If available, play Bill Nye’s Classroom Edition DVD LIGHT AND COLOR. Go to Watch Program Section: Science Standards Clips, Clip 3 Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.

21. Properties of Light Continued
Angles of Reflection
Explain: Light will not travel through all objects, however it is not always absorbed. The moon makes no light of its own. Instead, it reflects the light that shines on it from the Sun. SF Gr. 3 p. 372
Explore: Let’s try modeling this property through the Reflecting Light Activity. Call for four volunteers. Give each one a number. Provide three mirrors and a flashlight. Number one volunteer will hold the flashlight, while the others will hold the mirrors. Choose a spot on a wall and challenge the volunteers to reflect a flashlight beam to that spot.
As # 1 with the flashlight shines the beam on # 2’s mirror, challenge # 2 to aim the mirror at # 3’s mirror and reflect the light in that direction. Then # 3 bounces the beam to the fourth person, who tries to aim the beam at the designated spot on the wall. What path did the light take from mirror to mirror? Why?
Explain: Let’s take a closer look through an online tutorial. Click on the hyperlink Angles of Reflection.
Must be in slide show mode.

22. Bending Light Lab Write down responses on your note page.
Problem: What does light do when it travels from one medium or state of matter (air) through another medium (water)?
Hypothesis:
Test and Observe: Follow steps from the lab sheet. See PSELL Student Book p
Conclusion:
Explore and explain with the Bending Light Lab: PSELL Big Idea 10 Energy p
Pass out a clear plastic cup, and container of water to each group.
Have participants observe the clear plastic cup, the water and the air in the room. Ask what do these three objects have in common? They are all see through or transparent. Light is passing through them.
Pass out the Lab sheet and a straw to each group.
Problem: What does light do when it travels from one medium (air) through another medium (water)?
Hypothesis: What do you think will happen?
Test and Observer: Follow steps from the lab sheet.
Conclusion: The light passing through the air slows down when it enters the water. The water caused the light to bend or refract and make the straw look bent. When a light beam strikes a cup of water, it changes direction or bends. This is called refraction.
Grade 3 AIMS Activity: Light Rays Slow Down pp

23. How does Light Change Direction?
Light bends or refracts as it passes from one medium (form of matter: solid, liquid or gas) to another.
Refraction of Light Virtual Tutorial
Explain:
Have participants add the refraction light property to their LGO. What different mediums did the light pass through? Air, plastic, water What property do all of these objects have in common?
They’re transparent.
Explain: If time allows use the hyperlink to take the participants on a virtual refraction tutorial that elaborates and allows for clarifications.
Extend: What ways have people found to use bent light? Magnifying glass, eye glasses, telescopes, microscopes