1. Introduction to Science
Lesson 1: 4 Main Areas of Science

2. Bell Work
What is Science?
Why should we study science?

3. Today’s Agenda
Bell Work
5 min clean up
Notes
Work on vocab
Exit Slip

4. Biology – The Study of Life
Life arose more than 3.5 billion years ago
First organisms (living things) were single celled
Only life on Earth for millions of years
Organisms changed over time (evolved)
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5. Themes of Biology Cell structure and function
Stability and homeostasis
Reproduction and inheritance
Evolution
Interdependence of organisms
Matter, energy, and organization
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6. DNA Genetic Information in all cells Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA contains instructions for traits GENES
Make the structures and complex chemicals necessary for life PROTEINS
DNA in every body cell (SOMATIC CELLS) is exactly alike
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7. Evolution
Populations of organisms change (evolve) over generations (time)
Explains how many different kinds of organisms came into existence SPECIES
Explains how modern organisms are related to past organisms
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8. Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs
Phototrophs – use solar energy (photosynthesis) to get energy
Convert H2O and CO2 into sugar and O2
Chemotrophs – use different chemical processes to get energy
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9. Heterotrophs
Organisms that must take in food to meet their energy needs are called heterotrophs Consume autotrophs (herbivores), other heterotrophs (carnivores) or both (omnivores) for their energy needs
Complex chemicals are broken down and reassembled into chemicals and structures needed by organisms
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10. Introduction to Chemistry

11. Chemistry
The study of:
the composition (make-up) of matter
the changes that matter undergoes

12. What is matter?
Anything that:
has mass
and
occupies space (volume).

13. Mass vs Weight
Mass: a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains. (SI unit kilogram, kg)
Weight: The force with which the earth pulls on an object. (SI unit Newton, N)

14. The 5 Branches of Chemistry
Inorganic
Organic
Analytical
Physical
Biochemistry

15. Inorganic Chemistry
The study of chemicals that do not contain carbon.

16. Organic Chemistry
The study of chemicals that contain carbon.
Origin: study of chemicals in living organisms.

17. Biochemistry
Study of processes that take place in organisms.

18. Gravity: A Force of Attraction

19. Gravity is a force of attraction between objects.
The atoms of one object pull on the atoms of another object.
It's like the Earth pulling on you and keeping you on the ground.
That pull is gravity at work.

20. All matter is affected by gravity
Definition of matter:
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
Since all matter has mass, all matter is affected by gravity.
Gravity (aka: gravitational force) pulls objects towards each other.
It acts on anything with mass.

21. What is weight?
Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.
Most of the time, when we’re talking about weight, we’re referring to the Earth’s gravitational force on an object.
Since gravity is a force and weight is a measure of gravity, weight is expressed in newtons (N).
On Earth, a 100 gram object would weigh 1 N.

22. Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter 1

23. Bell Work 8/29/2018 What are the 4 main branches of science?
Summarize what each one studies.
Which one would you like to study?

24. Agenda
Bell work
Finish Notes
Work on Science Stems

25. What is Earth Science?
Earth science is the study of Earth and the universe around it
Uses observations and experimentation to discover the causes of natural events

26. Branches of Earth Science
There are four major areas of study: geology, oceanography, meteorology, & astronomy

27. Geology
The study of the origin, history, processes, and structure of the solid Earth
Examples: volcanologist studies volcanoes

28. Oceanography The study of Earth’s oceans
Example: studying waves, tides, or ocean currents

29. Meteorology
The study of Earth’s atmosphere, especially weather and climate
Examples: meteorologists use Doppler radar to track storms

30. Astronomy The study of the universe beyond Earth
Oldest branch of Earth Science
Example: space exploration

31. Environmental Science
Study of the way humans interact with their environment
Example: effects of pollution, loss of biodiversity, use of natural resources

32. The Importance of Earth Science
An understanding of natural forces can help predict potential disasters
We also need to understand conservation of natural resources

33. Science Stems Each pair will get 4 science stems
You will have to look up the meaning of that stem
Use a dictionary
You will then fill out the worksheet that is on your desk.
You will need to cut each one out and glue it to a piece of construction paper.
Take 1 of them and make a poster

34. For the poster BE CREATIVE You should have one of the squares
You will need to show how it is related to science
Look up different science fields
Draw pictures using the stem and give examples of the stem.

35. Exit Slip
Name and describe the 4 main areas of science.