1. Seasons and Atmosphere

2. The study of weather, climate, and atmospheric processes2

3. Weather is constantly changing and it refers to the state of the atmosphere at any given time and place
Climate is based on observations of weather that have been collected over many years to help describe a place or region 3

4. Greenhouse Gas Effect**
Atmosphere
Purpose: provides a suitable living environment for organisms as it absorbs only small amounts of UV rays
Greenhouse Gas Effect** 4

5. Nitrogen – 78% Oxygen – 21% CO2 < 1% Argon < 1% Main Components5

6. The Thermosphere: Upper layer of the atmosphere
Temperature increases with height
Auroras occur here
The Mesosphere
Above the stratosphere
Temperature decreases with height
Mesopause: boundary of the mesosphere 6

7. Temperature remains constant, then gradually starts to increase
The Stratosphere
Temperature remains constant, then gradually starts to increase
Contains the ozone layer
The Troposphere - the bottom layer
Temperature decreases with an increase in altitude.
Where weather occurs 7

9. • Ozone filters and absorbs harmful UV radiation by the sun
• Ozone is a form of oxygen that combines three oxygen atoms into each molecule (O3)
• Ozone filters and absorbs harmful UV radiation by the sun 9

10. Precipitation is any form of water that falls from a cloud.
When it comes to understanding atmospheric processes, water vapor is the most important gas in the atmosphere *

11. The three states of matter solid, liquid, and gas (plasma is the fourth)*

12. Factors: Heating of land Heating of water Altitude Geographic position
Cloud cover
Ocean currents 12

13. Water – takes longer to heat up and cool down
Land heats and cools more rapidly during higher temperatures than water
Water – takes longer to heat up and cool down 13

14. Coastal Area Climates
The oceans heat up slowly but retain the heat for a longer period of time.
Sea Breezes blow inland bringing rain and cools the land in the summer.
In the winter, the coastal climates are warmer and generally wet and mild.

16. Temperatures are lower than on a clear day Nighttime Cloud Cover
Daylight Cloud Cover
Temperatures are lower than on a clear day
Nighttime Cloud Cover
Temperatures are higher than on a clear night 16

17. Isotherms - lines on a weather map that connect points that have the same (iso) temperatures (therm)17

18. Heat transfer from HOT to COLD objects Conduction
The transfer of heat through matter by molecular activity
Transfer by touching 18

19. Convection
The transfer of heat by a mass movement or circulation within a substance
Radiation
Travels out in all directions
Solar energy reaches earth by radiation 19

20. amount of water vapor in air
Ratio of the air’s actual water-vapor content compared with the amount of water vapor air can hold at that temperature and pressure. *

21. Lowering air temperature =increase in relative humidity
Raising air temperature = decrease in relative humidity *

22. Dew point is the temperature to which a parcel of air would need to be cooled to
reach saturation. *