1. Entry Level Computing
Year NINE –

2. Hardware
So what’s inside?
Inputs and Outputs

3. Student Learning Outcomes
List and compare eight input devices.
Define and describe four types of pointing devices.
Compare and contrast inkjet and laser printers.
Define the three major technologies on which computer storage is based.

4. Student Learning Outcomes
5. Describe the three classes of CDs and the three classes of DVDs that are available.
6. List and describe five types of flash memory cards that are available for electronic devices such as computers and cameras.

5. L/O - understand the difference between inputs and outputs
In this segment, we’ll discuss various input, output, and storage devices designed to meet the various needs and lifestyles of people.
Most – be able to name an input and output
Some – give me the definition for input and outputs
Few – give examples of devices that have both built in.

6. Strand 1 – Hardware, Software and Logic – 30%

7. Feedback from last lesson
Have a look at your work and respond to the feedback given.
Can you improve you work?

8. What is a Computer? - Recap
Definition
A computer is any device that accepts an _________, _________it then produces an ____________.
Processes
Output
Input

9. Hardware – physical components of a computer system.
Hardware and Software
Hardware – physical components of a computer system.
Software – computer programs including both application software and the computer operating system.

10. Task 1
Take a look at the computer tower and see if you are able to identify the different parts.
Using the web find pictures of the front and back of a tower and use PowerPoint/ Publisher to label the different parts.

11. Power
Speaker Jack
USB Port

12. Inputs What is a input? Definition – data provided to a computer.
Examples – Keyboard and mouse.

13. Task 2 List the inputs to your computer.
List these inputs in the worksheet – Inputs and Outputs.

14. Outputs What is an output?
Definition – the information produced by a computer system for its user.
Examples – Monitor, Speakers

15. Task 3 List the outputs from your computer.
List these inputs in the worksheet – Inputs and Outputs.

16. What Peripheral Devices Suit Your Needs?
Input Devices
Output Devices
Storage Devices
In this chapter you’ll discuss with students a number of peripheral devices that are available. People have varied needs and lifestyles that are fulfilled by different combinations of peripherals and features.
First we look at a number of input devices to see how how information is captured and translated into a form that can be processed and used by other parts of the computer.
Next come output devices that takes information within your computer and presents it to you in a form that you can understand. The main output devices are monitors, printers, and speakers.networks.
Lastly, you’ll focus on the various types of storage devices.

17. 5.1 Input Devices
Input device captures information and translates it into a form that can be processed and used by other parts of your computer.
Keyboards
Pointing devices
Game controllers
Scanners
Styluses
Microphones
Digital cameras
Web cams
Good Exercise: Ask students if they can name any other input devices. A hard drive can be classified as both an input device and an output device.

18. Input Devices
The keyboard is the most common input device. Types of keyboards include:
Wireless
Multimedia and one-touch access
Portable keyboards for PDAs
                               
                               

19. Types of Input Devices
                               
                               

20. Pointing Devices
Pointing devices are mainly used to choose and enter commands
Pointing devices tend to have PS/2 connectors or USB connectors
PS/2 connector fits into a PS/2 port, which a small round socket with small holes that fit the pins on the connector
USB connectors fit into USB ports, and these are small rectangular openings on the back or front of your computer, or even on your keyboard or monitor

21. Pointing Devices Various pointing devices are available
Types of pointing devices:
Mouse
Mechanical mouse
Optical mouse
Wireless mouse
Trackball
Touchpad
Pointing stick

22. Game Controller Game controllers are used mainly to play games
Types of gaming devices
Gamepads
Joysticks
Gaming wheels
Force feed
                               

23. Specialized Input Devices
Other types of input devices include:
Scanners
Styluses
Microphones
Digital cameras
Web cams

24. Scanner
Scanner is a light sensitive device that helps you copy or capture images, photos, and artwork that exist on paper. Types of scanners include:
Flatbed

25. Styluses are used with:
Stylus is an input device consisting of a thin stick that uses pressure to enter information or to click and point
Styluses are used with:
PDAs
Tablet PCs
Graphics tablets
                                                                   

26. Microphones are used to input audio
Three main types of microphones are:
Desktop microphones
Headsets
Directional microphones
Speech recognition is increasingly being included in application software
                                                                   
                               
                               

27. Digital Cameras Digital cameras are used to:
Download images to a computer
Post pictures to the Web
Produce videos
Resolution is measured in megapixels
Higher the resolution, better the image quality, but the more expensive the camera

28. Web Cams
Web cam is a video camera that can be used to take images for uploading to the Web

29. 5.2 Output Devices
Output devices take information within your computer and present it to you in a form that you can understand
Main output devices:
Monitors
Printers
Speakers

30. Flat Panel Display Devices
Devices with flat-panel displays
Tablet PCs
PDAs
Cellular phones
Desktop computers
                               

31. Monitors CRTs Flat-panel displays Gas plasma
LCD (liquid crystal display)
Passive matrix
Active matrix
Called TFT (thin film transistor)
Separate transistor for every pixel
Monitors come in two basic types.
CRTs (or cathode ray tubes) are the monitors that look like TV sets.
Very heavy
Fragile
Uses a lot of power.
Flat-panel displays are thin, lightweight monitors and take up much less space than CRTs.
Use comparatively little power
Can run on a notebook battery
Not as fragile as CRT monitors
The disadvantages of flat-panel
Gas plasma displays shine light through gas to make an image.
LCD (liquid crystal display) screens shine light through a layer of crystalline liquid to make an image.
LCDs are the most usual type of flat panel screens for computers and come in two types: passive matrix and active matrix.
Active matrix screens are sometimes referred to as TFT displays.
TFT (thin film transistor) are flat panel displays with active matrix screens.
Active matrix screens have a separate transistor for every pixel, or dot, on the screen and update faster providing a higher-quality, crisper image.
Mention to students that the features they should watch for when evaluating monitors are:
Screen size
Resolution
Dot pitch.

32. Screen Talk
Screen size measured as a diagonal line across the screen – from corner to opposite corner
Resolution the number of pixels displayed on the screen (the higher the resolution, the closer together the dots)
Pixels (or picture element) dots that make up the image on your screen
Dot pitch is the distance between the centers of a pair of like-colored pixels
Refresh rate the speed with which a monitor redraws the image of the screen, and is measured in hertz

33. Printers Inkjet – most popular
Makes images by forcing droplets through nozzles
Top speed is 20 pages per minute
Laser
Forms images using an electrostatic process
Prints between 3 and 30 pages per minute
                               
For desktops and notebook computers, there are three types of printers:
Dot matrix (not mentioned in the text because they’re on their way out)
Inkjet Printers
Inkjet printers are the most popular type of printers.
Great for color as well as black and white printouts.
Inkjet printers make images by forcing ink droplets through nozzles.
The top speed of an inkjet is about 7 ppm (pages per minute).
Laser Printers
Laser printers usually generate better quality output than inkjets, but they’re also more expensive - especially the color ones.
A laser printer forms images using an electrostatic process – the same way a photo copier works.
Laser printers print between 3 and 30 pages per minute depending on type.
Black-only laser printers have one toner cartridge.
Color laser printers require four, which increase the cost of cartridge replacement considerably.

34. Printers - Cont
Resolution of a printer is the number of dots per inch (dpi) it produces.
Higher the resolution, better the image, and usually the more costly the printer
For desktops and notebook computers, there are three types of printers:
Dot matrix (not mentioned in the text because they’re on their way out)
Inkjet Printers
Inkjet printers are the most popular type of printers.
Great for color as well as black and white printouts.
Inkjet printers make images by forcing ink droplets through nozzles.
The top speed of an inkjet is about 7 ppm (pages per minute).
Laser Printers
Laser printers usually generate better quality output than inkjets, but they’re also more expensive - especially the color ones.
A laser printer forms images using an electrostatic process – the same way a photo copier works.
Laser printers print between 3 and 30 pages per minute depending on type.
Black-only laser printers have one toner cartridge.
Color laser printers require four, which increase the cost of cartridge replacement considerably.

35. Printers - Cont. Multifunction printer: Scan, copy, fax, and print
Can be either inkjet or laser
Cost less than buying individual units
Take up less desk space

36. A speaker is a device that produces computer output as sound
Speakers
A speaker is a device that produces computer output as sound
Speakers are common devices in computer systems Examples include:
Built-in speaker
Two-device set speakers
Surround sound speakers
                               
                               

37. I Can: Use a Computer Without Neck and Shoulder Pain
Computer work can lead to physical problems
Ergonomics – deals with reducing discomfort
Should sit up straight at your computer
Ergonomics deals with how you arrange and use your technology to reduce discomfort and avoid health problems.
In general, you should sit up straight with your feet on the floor when using a keyboard and mouse.

38. Using Your Computer: Ergonomics and Health
Position your screen about the length of your arm away so that you look slightly down at it
Your elbows, knees, and hips should form right angles
Your back should be at a right angle to the floor
Rest your eyes by looking away from the screen frequently

39. Using Your Computer: Ergonomics and Health
Stretch your shoulders, back, arms, and wrists at least every 30 minutes
Stretch your hands downward and backward frequently
Always listen to your body when it tells you that you’re uncomfortable and do something about it

40. 5.3 Storage Devices
Storage device stores information to be recalled and used at a later time
Storage device consists of:
Storage medium
Storage device
Three major technology types for information storage:
Magnetic
Optical or laser
Flash memory
                               
Ask students to give you other examples of storage devices.

41. Storage Medium Terms = 8 bits ≈ 1 Thousand Bytes ≈ 1 Million Bytes
Kilobyte (KB)
Megabytes (MB)
Gigabytes (GB)
Terabytes (TB)
Petabyte (PB)
Exabyte (EB)
= 8 bits
≈ 1 Thousand Bytes
≈ 1 Million Bytes
≈ 1 Billion Bytes
≈ 1 Trillion Bytes
≈ 1 quadrillion Bytes
≈ 1 quintillion Bytes

42. Magnetic and Optical Storage
Computer storage is either magnetic or optical.

43. Magnetic Storage Devices: Internal Magnetic Hard Disk
Magnetic storage devices can be either internal or external
Internal magnetic hard disks are fixed inside the system unit
External magnetic hard disks are portable

44. Magnetic Storage Devices: Internal Magnetic Hard Disk
Internal hard disk is a magnetic storage device with
One or more thin platters that store information sealed inside the disk drive.
Read/write heads access the information on surface
Heads read information while copying it from disk to RAM
Heads write information when copying it from RAM to disk
                               
                               
A hard disk is a magnetic storage medium, usually fixed inside the system unit, consisting of one or more thin platters or disks that store information.
Magnetic storage devices all work on the same basic principal – a thin layer of magnetic iron oxide compound coats either metal or plastic and is magnetized to represent information.
Read/write heads access the information on the disk surfaces (both top and bottom) and transfer copies to and from RAM.
The heads “read” information while copying it from the storage medium to RAM and “write” it when copying it from RAM to the storage medium.
Your hard disk is where you store your operating system and application software long-term.
When you start up your system, the operating system instructions are copied from your hard disk into memory.
When you launch an application, a copy of the software goes into memory so that the CPU can execute the instructions.
The CPU can’t carry out software instructions directly from any storage device; they must go into memory first.

45. Magnetic Storage Devices: External Magnetic Hard Disk
External hard disks are magnetic storage media which are portable storage units that you can connect to your computer as necessary
Great for backup storage devices
Ability to transport your hard disk from one computer to another
                               
                               

46. Hard Drives Long term storage system and application software
Operating system and application software are copied from the hard disk to memory
Capacity measured in gigabytes
Since the hard disk is where you keep most of your software until you want to use it, and you’ll probably add new software from time to time
It’s generally advisable to get a hard disk as big as you can afford.
Hard disk capacity is usually measured in gigabytes, that is, billions of characters.

47. Floppy Disks and Zip Disks
Removable magnetic storage media come in two basic types:
Traditional floppy disks
Zip disks
These storage media are useful for:
Storing files for backup or security purposes
Transferring files from one computer to another
Removable storage media, like floppy disks and CD-ROMs, can be removed from the drive, unlike hard disks which are fixed inside the hard disk drive unit.
Removable storage media come in two varieties: magnetic and optical.

48. Removable Magnetic Storage: Floppy Disk
Floppy Mylar disk
Housed inside a hard plastic casing
Thin, flexible plastic disk
3.5 inch floppy disks
also called floppies, diskettes, floppy disks
Holds about 1.44 megabytes of information
High-capacity disks
Zip® disk
There are two basic types of removable magnetic storage disks.
The first kind are those that store information on a floppy Mylar disk housed inside a plastic casing.
A Mylar disk is a thin, flexible plastic disk.
Mylar disks come in 2 varieties: traditional 3.5-inch floppy disks and high capacity floppy disks.
Note: You might point out that SuperDisks (LS 120s) are no longer being manufactured. They’ve been beaten in the marketplace by Zip disks.

49. Removable Magnetic Storage: Zip Disk
High capacity plastic platter disk
Called removable hard disks
Provide a higher storage capacity than Mylar disks
Example - Zip® disk with capacity of 100MB, 250MB, and 750MB
                               
                               
The second type of removable storage disk stores information on one or more metal platters instead of on Mylar disks.
These are sometimes called removable hard disks.
The metal platters provide a higher storage capacity.
The Jaz® disk is an example of this type of removable hard disk and has a capacity of 2 GB.

50. Optical Storage CDs DVDs
Both are optical storage and have three formats:
Read-only
Write-once
Read-and-write
Optical storage comes in two capacities…
a CD holds up to a maximum of about 800 MB.
a DVD holds from 4.7 GB to 17 GB depending on whether it uses both sides and whether the side(s) have one or two layers available for storage

51. Optical Storage Media Fully Read-and-Write Read-Only One-Time Writable
CD-RW
DVD-RW or DVD+RW or
DVD-RAM
Read-Only
CD-ROM
DVD-ROM
One-Time Writable
CD-R
DVD-R
DVD+R
Read-Only Optical Storage Media - read-only means you can’t write to it or change it.
CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) is an optical or laser disc whose information cannot be changed once it has been created.
DVD-ROM is an optical storage medium whose information can’t be changed, but which has a larger capacity than a CD-ROM.
One-Time Writable Optical Storage Media
CD-R (compact disc – recordable) is an optical disc to which you can write information once.
DVD-R (DVD – recordable) is an optical disc to which you can write one time only and which has a higher capacity than a CD.
Fully Read-and-Write Optical Storage Media
CD-RW (compact disc – rewritable) is a compact disc storage medium that allows you to save, change, and delete files.
DVD-RW (also called DVD-RAM or DVD+RW by different manufacturers) is an optical storage medium that allows you to save, change, and delete files but which has a larger capacity than a CD-RW.

52. Flash Memory Cards
Flash memory cards have high- capacity storage laminated inside a small piece of plastic
Flash flash memory cards do not need a drive with moving parts to operate
                                        
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
Many students are familiar with this type f memory card as they are popular with the appliances that young students like to purchase. – i.e., MP3 players, digital cameras.
©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies

53. Flash Memory Talk
CompactFlash (CF)
xD-Picture Card (xD)
SmartMedia (SM) Card
SecureDigital (SD) card and MultiMediaCards (MMC)
Memory Stick Media

54. Flash Memory Card Readers
Some devices have flash memory slots into which you slide your flash memory card
Other devices can use an external flash memory card reader in order to transfer information
A flash memory drive is a flash memory storage medium for a computer that is small enough to fit in your pocket and usually plugs directly into a USB port
                                        

55. 5.4 Consumer Q&A
1. How Can I Tell How Many Megapixels My Camera Should Have to Print Good 8 x 10 Photos?
2. What Type of Mouse Should I Get for Gaming?
3. Are Flat Panels and Flat Screens the Same Thing?
4. What Should I look for in a Scanner?

56. 5.5 Key Terms CompactFlash card Gas plasma display monitor Dot pitch
Flash memory cards
Flat-panel display
Floppy disk
Gamepad
Gaming wheel
Gas plasma display monitor
Gigabyte
Hard disk drive
Inkjet printer
Input device
Joystick

57. 5.6 Key Terms Kilobyte MultiMediaCard Laser printer Output device
Liquid crystal display monitor
Megabyte
Memory Stick Media
Mouse
Multifunction printer
MultiMediaCard
Output device
Photo inkjet printer
Refresh rate
Resolution of a printer
Resolution of a screen
Scanner

58. 5.6 Key Terms Touchpad SecureDigital card Trackball SmartMedia card
Storage drive
Stylus
Thin film transistor display monitor
Touchpad
Trackball
Visible image size
Web cam
xD-Picture Card
Zip disk