2. Diffraction and the Wave Model
Observation: Shadows do not have sharp edges
Conclusion: Diffraction – light bends as it passes the edge of a barrier

3. Polarization of Light
Unpolarized Light – light waves that are oscillating in all directions
Polarized Light – light waves that are oscillating in only one direction

5. Polarization of Light

7. Doppler Effect and Light
Astronomers can determine how objects (such as galaxies) are moving based on emission spectra
“Red shift” – longer wavelengths are observed
“Blue shift” – shorter wavelengths are observed

9. Observed Light Frequency
𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠 =𝑓 1± 𝑣 𝑐
+ if the objects are moving toward each other
- if the objects are moving away from each other
Doppler Shift
λ 𝑜𝑏𝑠 −λ = ±( 𝑣 𝑐 )λ

10. Physics Book
p455 #16-28