1. The Effects of Exposure to symbols of political affiliation and race on perceptions of white privilege and anti-black discrimination
By: Hannah knechel

2. Outline This presentation will explore the following:
White Privilege and Anti-black discrimination through current literature
Self threat
Meritocracy
Framing
Present Research
Methods
Hypothesis
Results
Conclusions
Limitations/future research

3. Self Threat Knowles, Lowery, Chow, and Unzueta (2014)
Whiteness is the core of the racial problem
Actively work to maintain dominance
Self-threat
Group image
Meritocratic threat

4. Meritocracy and Framing
Knowles & Lowery (2012)
Measured preference for the Meritocratic principle (PMP) and White Identity
PMP and white identity correlate with privilege denial
Looked at framing
More privilege denial when presented with white privilege information

5. Framing Littleford & Jones (2017)
Professors race and way they framed racial information
Black professors
Intelligent, warm, expert
More biased
White professors
More acknowledgment of racial disparity in white privilege group

6. Limitations
There is a lot of research on race and its influence on perceptions of white privilege
No research has been done on political affiliation
If symbols of political affiliation can change perceptions, society can benefit

7. Introduction to Present Research
This study examined white privilege and anti-black discrimination, utilizing the following variables
IV: Race of the Experimenter (black or white) and symbol of political affiliation (Black Lives Matter or Make America Great Again)
DV: Perceptions of white privilege and anti-black discrimination

8. Methods and Procedure
list and in person solicitation to find participants
34 participants (28 females, 6 males)
3X2 factorial design
T-shirts as symbols of political affiliation
Demographic Survey and distractor survey
White privilege scale
5-item Likert scale
Other-focused belief in discrimination scale
7-item Likert scale

9. Hypothesis
More privilege denial when experimenter is wearing a MAGA shirt
More privilege denial when experimenter is black
No difference in belief in discrimination across conditions

10. Results-Descriptive Statistics
Figure 1: Mean as a function of Symbol of political affiliation (shirt worn) when the experimenter was black
Figure 2:Mean as a function of Symbol of political affiliation (shirt worn) when the experimenter was white

11. Results 2-Way ANOVA Hypothesis 1 Hypothesis 2 Hypothesis 3
Not supported
F(2,28)= .941, p= .402
Hypothesis 2
F(1,28)=.071, p= .792
Hypothesis 3
Supported
Political Affiliation: F(2,28)= .755, p= .479
Race: F(1,28)=.001, p= .971

12. Conclusion
At LC, Symbols of political affiliation nor race have an effect
On students perceptions of privilege and discrimination
Previous research has shown results of Hypothesis 3
Results of Hypothesis 1 and 2 have not been found
Half Blindness
(Pratto and Stewart, 2012)

13. Limitations and Future Research
Confounding variables
Different experimenters
Appearance, voice, administration technique
Different administration environments
Future research
Look at religion as an independent variable
Lager sample size, off campus
Compare different universities results
i.e Liberty vs Lynchburg College

14. References
Knowles, E.D., Lowery, B.S., Chow, R. M., & Unzueta, M. M. (2014). Deny, distance, or dismantle? How white Americans manage a privileged identity. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(6),
Littleford, L. N., & Jones, J. A. (2017). Framing and source effects on White college students’ reactions to racial inequity information. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 23(1),
Knowles, E.D., Lowery, B.S. (2012). Meritocracy, Self-Concerns, and Whites’ Denial of Racial Inequity. Self and Identity, 11,

15. Questions???