1. Today’s Bell Ringer We watched a video on “What Plant Talk About”
8 March
Today’s Bell Ringer
We watched a video on “What Plant Talk About”

2. Today’s Bell Ringer Please define: Species – Taxonomy –
9 March
Today’s Bell Ringer
Taxonomic relationships were originally based on external morphology. Today, taxonomy is based on molecular similarities and evolutionary relationships.
Please define:
Species –
Taxonomy –
Binominal nomenclature – (pg. 519)
Cladogram –
Phylogeny –

7. Use the organisms on your desk to
determine which ones are most related.
For Crabs:
Species -
Genus -
Family - Portunidae
Order - Decapoda
Class - Malacostraca
Phylum – Arthropoda
Kingdom
Domain
For Fish:
Species -
Genus -
Family - Pomacanthida
Order – Perciformes
Class - Actinopterygii
Phylum – Arthropoda
Kingdom
Domain

8. Domain

9. EUKARYA BACTERIA ARCHAEA Land plants Dinoflagellates Green algae
Forams
Ciliates
Diatoms
Red algae
Amoebas
Cellular slime molds
Euglena
Trypanosomes
Animals
Leishmania
Fungi
Sulfolobus
Green nonsulfur bacteria
Thermophiles
(Mitochondrion)
Figure The three domains of life
Spirochetes
Halophiles
Chlamydia
COMMON
ANCESTOR
OF ALL
LIFE
Green
sulfur bacteria
BACTERIA
Methanobacterium
Cyanobacteria
ARCHAEA
(Plastids, including
chloroplasts)

10. Binomial nomenclature is a two-part scientific naming system.
uses Latin words
scientific names always written in italics
two parts are the genus name and species descriptor

11. Cladistics is a common method to make evolutionary trees.
classification based on common ancestry
species placed in order that they descended from common ancestor

12. A cladogram is an evolutionary tree made using cladistics.
A clade is a group of species that shares a common ancestor.
Each species in a clade shares some traits with the ancestor.
Each species in a clade has traits that have changed.

13. Molecular evidence reveals species’ relatedness.
Molecular data may confirm classification based on physical similarities.
Molecular data may lead scientists to propose a new classification.
DNA is usually given the last word by scientists.

14. The three domains in the tree of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
Domains are above the kingdom level.
Carl Woese: studied rRNA of prokaryotes and found they were two separate groups, genetically speaking
domain model more clearly shows prokaryotic diversity

15. Domain Bacteria includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Bacteria.
one of largest groups on Earth
classified by shape, need for oxygen, and diseases caused

16. Domain Archaea includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea.
cell walls chemically different from bacteria
differences discovered by studying RNA
known for living in extreme environments

17. Bacteria and archaea can be difficult to classify.
transfer genes among themselves outside of reproduction
blurs the line between “species”
more research needed to understand prokaryotes
bridge to transfer DNA

18. Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes.
kingdom Protista

19. Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes.
kingdom Protista
kingdom Plantae

20. Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes.
kingdom Protista
kingdom Plantae
kingdom Fungi

21. Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes.
kingdom Protista
kingdom Plantae
kingdom Fungi
kingdom Animalia

22. Organisms can be classified based on physical similarities.

23. Linnaeus developed the scientific naming system still used today.
Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
White oak: Quercus alba
A taxon is a group of organisms in a classification system.

24. A genus includes one or more physically similar species.
Species in the same genus are thought to be closely related.
Genus name is always capitalized and italisized.
A species descriptor is the second part of a scientific name.
always lowercase
always follows genus name; never written alone
Tyto alba

25. Advantages: unique name for each species, scientists around the world recognize them
Some species have very similar common names.
Some species have many common names.

26. Linnaeus’ classification system has seven levels, called taxa.
Each level is included in the level above it.
Levels get increasingly specific from kingdom to species.

27. The Linnaean classification system has limitations.
Linnaeus taxonomy doesn’t account for molecular evidence.
The technology didn’t exist during Linneaus’ time.
Linnaean system based only on physical similarities.

28. Genetic similarities more accurately show evolutionary relationships.
Physical similarities are not always the result of close relationships.
Genetic similarities more accurately show evolutionary relationships.