1. Chapter 46

2. Direct and Indirect Statements
A direct statement is the transmission of a message by direct quotations. The message is set in quotation marks.
Caesar says, “I came, I saw, I conquered.”
Cicero said, “My city is in danger.”

3. An indirect statement is the reporting of the message without quoting the words directly. It does not use quotation marks.
Caesar says that he came, he saw, he conquered.
Cicero said that his city was in danger.

4. Notice in the first sentence above how the speaker’s first person pronoun (“I came “) in the direct questions changes to the third person pronoun (“he came”) to agree logically with the perspective of the person doing the reporting. Also, in the second sentence, the possessive adjective “my” has changed to “his”.

5. In English
 An indirect statement is easy to recognize since the reported message is introduced by “that” forming a subordinate clauses used as an object of the verb of saying. No quotation marks are used.

6. In Latin
The construction of indirect statement is used not only after verbs of saying, but also after verbs of thinking, feeling, sensing and the like. Latin uses no introductory word like that. Indirect statements are very commonly used in Latin.

7. Indirect Statement I The following sentences occurred in the story:
Puto hunc ludum esse optimum.
I think that this game is very good.
Puto vos esse molestissimos.
I think that you are very annoying.
In such sentences, you are being given two pieces of information:
(1) I think (2) what I think
Puto hunc ludum esse optimum.
(that) this game is very good.

8. You will see that, in the second part, the Latin subject is expressed in the accusative case and the verb is in the infinitive, where English says that this game and is.
Scio vos esse molestissimos.
I know that you are very troublesome.
Videmus Davum in agris laborare.
We see that Davus is working in the fields.
Audio eum domi morari.
I hear that he is staying at home.

9. Other verbs that may be followed by the accusative and infinitive construction include:
dico, dicere, dixi, dictus - to say
spero, sperare, speravi, speratus - to hope
sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus - to feel

10. 2. Davus quidem scit omnes (pueros/puerum/
Activity 1: Circle the correct form and then translate the sentence.
1. Alli putant (Sextus/Sextum) esse bonum, alii putant eum (est/erat/esse) molestum.
2. Davus quidem scit omnes (pueros/puerum/
pueri) saepe esse (molestum/molesti/
molestos)/

11. 3. At Aurelia putat Marcum et Sextum semper bonos (sunt/esse/erant).
4. Sextus Marco dicit Davum (esse/est/sum) iracundum.

12. 5. Marcus respondet (Davi/Davo/Davum) non semper (esse/est) iracundum.
6. Dicit Davum in agris strenue (laborāre/
laboravit/laborat).

13. 7. Sextus respondet Davum sub arbore
7. Sextus respondet Davum sub arbore cotidie post meridiem (dormis/dormiebat/
dormīre).

14. 1. Eucleides dicit ludum latrunculorum esse optimum.
Activity 2: Translate
1. Eucleides dicit ludum latrunculorum esse optimum.
2. Scio Cornelium esse senatorum Romanum.
3. Nos omnes scimus Corneliam esse puellam Romanam.

15. 4. Puto Sextum puerum temerarium esse.
5. Audio Cornelium ad Curiam festinare.
6. Scit ancillas cenam parare.

16. 7. Video haud viam esse longam.
8. Audio cauponem esse amicum Eucleides.
9. Putamus servos in agris laborare.

17. 10. Credo Aureliam in urbem descendere.
11. Dicunt Marcum dormire.
12. Scimus semper esurire pueros.

18. 13. Audio Titum mappam non habere.
14. Cornelia putat pupam esse pulcherrimam.

19. II. The Irregular Verb fio, fieri, factus sum
A. This irregular verb, meaning to become, be made or happen, serves as the
passive of facio. Note that the verb has only three principal parts:
fio, I become
fieri, to become
factus sum, I became

20. 1st: fimus fiebamus fiemus 2nd: fitis fiebatis fietis
sing. present imperfect future
1st: fio fiebam fiam
2nd: fis fiebas fies
3rd: fit fiebat fiet
plural
1st: fimus fiebamus fiemus
2nd: fitis fiebatis fietis
3rd: fiunt fiebant fient

21. 1. Titus vinum bibit et paulatim ebrius fit.
Activity 3: Translate.
1. Titus vinum bibit et paulatim ebrius fit.
2. Si Titus plus vini bibet, magis ebrius fiet.

22. 3. Aurelia Titum in dies molestiorem fieri putat.
4. Quid Tito fiet si etiam plus vini nunc bibet?
5. Aliquid mali certe ei fiet.