2. (erythocytes = red; platelets = yellow; T-lymphocyte = light green)

3. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD (video) A. Plasma: 55 % of blood
B.     Formed Elements: 45%
-- Erythrocytes (RED BLOOD CELLS)
-- Leukocytes (WHITE BLOOD CELLS)
-- Thrombocytes (PLATELETS)

4. FEATURE
RED BLOOD CELLS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
PLATELETS
SHAPE
Biconcave disc
Variable, Amoeboid
Tiny,
Cell fragments
FUNCTION
Transport O2 and CO2
Combat infection
Blood clotting
ORIGIN
Bone marrow
Lymphoid Tissue
Bone Marrow
ALSO CALLED
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

5. Blood – Plasma – contains….
Water - and dissolved in it… a lot of stuff
Blood proteins
-Albumin - osmotic balance (liver)
-Fibrinogen - blood clotting (liver)
Gases (O2, CO2)
Nutrients (fats, glucose, amino acids, nucleotides)
Wastes (urea, ammonia)
Vitamins
Hormones
Salts

6. Blood - Cells 1. RBC- most numerous a biconcave disc - why???
Lack a nucleus
live for 120 days – why??
In the cell is Hemoglobin – which binds to oxygen – called oxyhemoglobin

7. Blood Cells largest in size contain nucleii
2. White Blood Cells
largest in size
contain nucleii
Function: to fight infection
Some are phagocytic

8. Blood Cells 3. Platelets Very small & irregular in shape
cell fragments
Function – blood clotting

9. All blood cells made in the bone marrow of the large bones.

10. Clotting

11. Need three things in blood
Blood Clotting-
 Need three things in blood
1)    Platelets
2)    Prothrombin
3)    Fibrinogen
- Platelets clump at the site of the “leak” and partially close it then initiate a sequence of events to activate fibrinogen.

12. Clotting – produces an insoluble fiber – fibrin, requires calcium ions
Damaged vessel and platelets release prothrombin activator (an enzyme called thromboplastin)
(with Ca2+) prothrombin activator enzymes catalyze the conversion of Prothrombin  Thrombin
Thrombin activates Fibrinogen  Fibrin
Fibrin has sticky ends and forms a lattice or network over the leak. Blood cells get trapped and form a clot.

14. RBC trapped in the FIBRIN network

15. Human Blood Types
Antigen – an agent that is foreign (or self) and is recognized by the immune system
Antibody – a Y shaped protein capable of identifying and binding to a specific antigen

16. Agglutination – Antibodies connect to the antigen of the pathogen and round up the infection in one area (a clump)