1. What’s so Great about Peter
Absolute Ruler #2

2. After the Age of Exploration, FIVE European countries emerged and began to dominate Europe… ENGLAND FRANCE AUSTRIA PRUSSIA RUSSIA

3. Covers over half the northern hemisphere…largest country in the world (land area)
Vodka is HUGE----10% of the government income comes from sales
Russian people believe they are the best kissers ever.
The are officially called the Russian Federation after the Soviet Union fell apart in 1991
12 seas

4. What do you remember about Russia....
Ivan III ruled Russia from 1462 to conquered much of the territory around Moscow. Liberated Russia from Mongols. Centralized Russian Government
Think Back…….
What do you remember about Russia....

5. Boyar Policy Boyars: Boyar Policy: Russian nobles
Ivan IV reduced the nobility’s threat to the throne by seizing their land and placing it under his control

6. Oprichniki Established by Ivan the Terrible
A secret police force that was used to terrorize the Russian people

7. Before the Great… Ivan IV (The terrible) Rise of the Romanovs
Rule disrupted by power struggles with boyars---landowning nobles
Anastasia’s death
Mass executions including oldest son
Rise of the Romanovs
Entered into Time of Troubles
Romanov dynasty
Ivan IV accused the boyars of poisoning his wife so he killed everyone…organized a police force that dressed in black with black horses to hunt down “traitors”
Russian cities chose the next czar----michael romanov

8. Insert Peter the Great
One of Russia’s greatest reformers.
Increased Czar’s power

9. Major Differences Russia Europe Feudalism—serfs on farms
Eastern Orthodox
Mongol Rule
Geographic Isolation
Rise in cities (merchant class)
Catholic/Protestant
Renaissance
Age of Exploration
Trade
Economic/Military Expansion
Western Europeans considered heretics and did not want anything to do with them

10. Quick Pause
How could Peter the Great transform Russia? Could transforming Russia add to absolute authority?

11. Using Western Europe as a model to make Russia stronger
Westernization
Using Western Europe as a model to make Russia stronger

12. To Make Change, Force Change
Ruling Absolutely
To Make Change, Force Change

13. Reforms Took Control of Russian Orthodox Church
Abolished office patriarch (head of church)
Reduced power of the great landowners
promoted poorer men to positions of authority
Military hired European officers
Imposed heavy taxes
Needed to increase power to reform Russia
Recruited men from lower level ranking families

14. Compare Peter’s Reforms to Tokugawa’s Reforms

15. Westernizing Russia Introduced Potatoes Raised women’s status
Ordered Nobles to give up their clothes for Western Fashions
Advanced Education

16. St. Petersburg Needed a seaport to promote education & travel
Building city on a swamp
Forced serfs to create the city
Ordered nobles to leave Moscow
Fought Sweden to gain St. Petersburg

17. The German States

19. The Thirty Years War
Religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
Protestant States v. Catholic States
The Peace of Westphalia ends the war
Divides the Holy Roman Empire into 30+ Kingdoms

20. Austria The Hapsburg family of Austria sets up a strong monarchy
Most famous monarch – Maria Theresa (1740)

26. Prussia Very militaristic
Becomes the most powerful of the German states
The heart of modern-day Germany