1. The US Enters the War and The Home Front
Discuss the reasons that the US entered WWI.
Explain the role of the US early in the war.
Evaluate the impact of WWI on the home front of America.

2. The US Enters War Reasons the US entered WWI
Limits on Atlantic trade and travel
Germany’s violation of the Sussex pledge
US bankers’ loans to the Allies
Preparedness for the war – National Defense Act

3. The Great War (1914-1918) Zimmermann Telegram (1 March)
Sent by German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Ambassador in Washington, DC

4. The Great War ( )
“. . . lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.”

5. March 1917 – Germany sank 3 merchant marine ships

6. The Great War ( )
Congress approved Wilson’s request for a declaration of war “to make the world safe for democracy.” (6 April 1917)

7. Selective Service Act (1917) established a draft, ending the time-honored volunteer system; men 21 to 30, later 18 to 45
US government sold $5 Billion in bonds; $3 billion loaned to the Allies

8. US Role in the War (Early)
14,000 men of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) arrived in France (June 1917)
Fought separately

9. Bellringer
What were these called in WWI? Why?

10. Introduction During war, what happens to our civil liberties? Why?
During war, what happens to nationalism?
Impact on intolerance?

11. Body –The Home Front Mobilizing the Economy
War Industries Board –Centralized Economy
Federal Government directed
Manufacturing
Food Production
Fuel Production
Transportation

12. WIB = Bernard Baruch -Head
Goals
Set and Meet Production Quotas
Allocate Raw Materials
Increase Efficiency
Industrial Production Increased 20%

13. Daylight Savings Time
Implemented to Save Fuel

14. National War Labor Board
Collective bargaining
8 Hour Workday in exchange for “No Strike Pledge”
Labor membership increases

15. Food Administration Conserve Food and Increase Production
Herbert Hoover = Leader
“Meatless Mondays and Wheatless Wednesdays”

19. Fuel Administration

20. Mobilizing Public Opinion
War opposition
Irish Americans
German Americans
Socialist Party

21. Creel Committee Committee on Public Information George Creel – leader
150 K lecturers, artists, etc.
“4 Minute Men”
Negative Impacts
Anti German sentiment
Ban on foreign languages in some states
Lynchings

24. Civil Liberties in Wartime
Espionage Act (1917) and Sedition Act (1918) – outlawed interfering with the draft or criticizing the war
Schenck v. US case
Schenck = socialist – pamphlets opposing the draft found – arrested for violating the Espionage Act
Fought on 1st Amendment

25. "The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent."
This case is also the source of the phrase "shouting fire in a crowded theatre," a misquotation of Holmes' view that "The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic."

27. Changes in the Workplace
National War Labor Board
Collective bargaining
Mediation
More Women working – increased finances and freedom

28. Great Migration Many blacks moved to Industrial Midwestern towns
500 K estimated
Increased hostility in north and south

29. HW
Read and outline