1. Early River Civilizations

2. Civilization What is it? Complex & Organized Society
Shares 7 Common Characteristics

3. How did we get Civilization?
Answer---NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION!
Reason #1 -Shift from Hunting & Gathering to Farming
Why?
Reason #2 - Man discovered Agriculture!
Knowing what kind of seeds to plant to provide food, where to plant them
Farming--->Increased population+Development of Cities = Civilization***

5. Characteristic #1: Developed Cities
Organized
Centers of Trade
Centers of Cultural Diffusion
spread of beliefs and values between cultures
Mohenjo-Daro

6. # 2: Organized Government
STRUCTURE:
Planning, Decision Making, Public Works Projects, Collect Taxes
JUSTICE:
Created Laws, systems of Justice
SAFETY
Defense, Order, Ensure Safety of Citizens

7. #2a: Public Works Government ordered projects
Meant to benefit citizens
Irrigation, temples, walls

8. #3: Formalized Religion
Gods controlled all aspects of nature
Priests- Pipelines to the Gods
Need to please the Gods
Monotheism v. Polytheism

9. #4: Job Specialization Fewer people had to farm Opened up job market
Emergence of Artisans; Skilled in a particular craft
Artisans-Skilled Craftspeople

10. #5: Social Classes

11. #6: Writing
Developed for $$$
Cuneiform

12. #7: Arts & Architecture Meant to reflect the culture of Civilization
Express beliefs, honor Gods
Massive Temples-Ziggurats in Mesopotamia, Pyramids in Egypt

13. From left-to-right: Ziggurat of Ur, Indus Valley Prayer Statues, Egyptian Art, Recreated Ziggurat

14. Geography Geography played major role in development of early civs
Why?
Rivers & Flooding=Fertile Soil
Fertile Soil = More Crops = More Food!
Easier to support growing populations

15. Maps, Maps & More Maps!

16. Mesopotamia

17. Flooding! =Fertile Soil
Mesopotamia
MESOPOTAMIA---MIDDLE EAST! (M&M)
Translates to “Between Two Rivers”
Tigres & Euphrates
Little rain, Hot, Dry Climate
Why live there?!
Flooding! =Fertile Soil
Unpredictable

18. Egypt

20. “Gift of the Nile” Egypt---Africa
Nile River flows for more than 4,000 miles
Nile Delta (Lower Egypt)-Extremely fertile region where Nile empties into the Sea
Yearly Floods are Predictable
Natural Protective Barriers -Cataracts to the South -Sahara Desert

22. Indus Valley Located in Indian subcontinent
Himalayas & Hindu Kush serve as natural barriers
Indus & Ganges Rivers
Monsoons-Seasonal winds that bring heavy rains
Blessing & Curse

23. China

24. China Huang He (Yellow) & Yangzi (Chang)
Natural barriers- mountains, desert
Annual Floods deposit rich soil on river plains
Huang He particularly fertile because of Loess

26. What is a Primary Source?
A document/object written or created during the time under study.
ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS (excerpts or translations acceptable): Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records
CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art
RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings

27. What is a Secondary Source?
Document that interprets/analyzes primary sources.
*One or more steps removed from the event (may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them).
PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias
A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings
A history textbook
A book about the effects of WWI

28. Wrap-Up Was the Neolithic Revolution a big deal? What is Civilization?
How does Geography influence the development of Civilization?