1. US foreign Policy

2. Basics of foreign policy
Nations set of plans and procedures for dealing w/foreign policies.

3. 5 Goals of Foreign Policy
National Security- Primary goal of any nation.
Establishing free and open trade
Provides markets for US Goods and all the US to import goods from overseas.
Promoting world peace & healthy environment
When nations are at peace we don’t have to get involved- Syria/Libya
Healthy environment=no disasters (malaria outbreaks/famines)
Supporting Democracy
Providing Aid to people in need
$50 billion

4. How should FP be applied?
Isolationism- deal w/domestic issues and believe in staying out of world affairs keeps US safe.
Trump believes in this.US has threatened to pull out

5. Internationalism Cooperation between nations
Active role best way to pursue N.S.
Support US forging alliances w/ any nation that will serve our national interests or the country's economic military or cultural goals
Reason we support Saudi Arabia
Extreme Oppression towards women and Shia Muslims
Killed a US citizen Jamal Khashoggi US does nothing

6. Neo isolationism
Belief that US and foreign countries involvement kept to minimum- let other countries determine their own fate
Intervention- an attempt to directly influence politics and policy making of another country.
Believe we should stay out of war with others
Intervention is not welcomed by the other country
US has bad experience with intervention- Philippines

7. Idealism & Liberalism
Defending human rights guiding principle of idealism
Promoting democracy
Allying with oppressive governments would not achieve goals of human rights
Liberalism A.K.A idealism
Obama believed in this

8. US F.P. influenced by Machiavelli’s The Prince
It is better to be feared and respected than loved and respected.
National security and advantage must be paramount.
Morals, agreements, polices come second if they conflict with country’s goals
US’s use of torture for info, secret prisons, wire taps, surveillance w/o warrant-
Leader must try not deviate from good, but must be ruthless when necessary. Ends justify the means.
Loved or Feared?

9. Tools of Foreign Policy
Diplomatic-
160 embassies across the world
We do not have diplomatic relations with Iran or NK
Just reopened the US Consulate in Cuba.
Uses its position to help foreign nations settle conflicts peacefully
Defense Alliance- agreement to come to another nations aid in the event of an attack
Collective Security- one attacked we are all attacked
Trump needs to

10. Deterrence
Strategy of maintaining military might that is so great that just thinking about it will deter an attack on this country.

11. Major US Defense Alliances
NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
If attacked by Russia we come to country’s aid
Only be enacted 1 time
US after 9/11 we called in NATO
Trump campaigned against NATO b/c some countries were not contributing 2% of GDP to defense
Said it was a defunct organization- Russia wasn’t going to invade a NATO member
Mission changing- France took lead role in Libya in ‘11 to carry out UN mission.

12. NATO today
Leaders do not trust US commitment and feel jaded towards the US due to support of the War on Terror.

13. US/South Korea-
Us has agreement to protect SK and we are Japan’s military
WW2 peace treaty banned Japan from creating a military.
US Provides troops and security
Nuclear Umbrella- US agreement to protect non-nuclear powers so they do not develop their own.

14. Nuclear Weapons 9 nations have nuclear weapons US/Russia have 93% Cost
1,800 are on high alert status
Cost
$1.2 Trillion over the next 30 yrs to maintain and modernize
Trump has prioritized updating US nuclear weapons
Trump is expanding.
Major problems w/Nuclear command
Problems- John Oliver

15. MAD Mutually Assured Destruction
If you attack us with a Nuke- we will nuke you back. We all die!

16. Economic Sanctions
Economic measures taken against a country to force it to change its policies
Why?
To show condemnation of some type of action and to get the country to stop said action
NK launching ICBM
Iran enriching uranium that could be used in a bomb
Russia for meddling w/US elections
Cuba being communist
Um- but we trade with every other communist country.

17. Types of Economic Sanctions
Total ban on trade or restriction on certain trade items
Cuba cigars (now you can)
No foreign aid or restrictions on foreign aid
No arms sales or limits on arms sales
No loans
US put sanctions or Iran

18. Pro/Con of Sanctions- Pro Con
The provide a peaceful nonmilitary foreign policy tools
Con
Sanctions that ban or limit trade can hurt the economy of sanctioning country
Harms citizens especially middle and lower class
Long term sanctions can harm the target country’s civilians populations when food and medical supplies are withheld
Country’s just ignore

19. Different Doctrines Today
Aid those w/similar beliefs or have oil.
Bush Doctrine- Nation has the right to conduct a preemptive war against any power that it believes poses a significant threat to the security of the US. Take them out before they attack.

20. Obama Doctrine Uses soft power over hard power.
Values sanctions over direct military clash
Sanctions- a ban on trade, possibly limited to certain sectors such as armaments, or with certain exceptions (such as food and medicine
Iran agreed to nuke deal.
North Korea
Drone warfare- more than any president, creates dangerous precedence for strikes
If it is not a VITAL US interest we do not get involved.

21. How trump changed policy
Vox’s View-
Trump’s view of Foreign Leaders

22. Trump Doctrine
Give Military control to the generals- let them make decisions
Invest in military
Diplomacy is dumb.
Pull back from Allies and embraced our rivals.
Trump G20
Trump’s treatment of foreign leaders.

23. Other Leaders
France- Emmanuel Macron now