1. 20th Century Foreign Policy

2. Open Door Policy
China
Background: powerful countries begin demanding “leaseholds” in China or a “sphere of influence”
U.S. Action: Secretary of State John Hay proposes the Open Door Policy allowing all countries to trade in China and in all spheres of influence
Why?: Ensure American companies could continue to trade with China
Second Open Door notes asks for leniency against China after Boxer Rebellion

3. Panama Canal Colombia, Panama Roosevelt’s philosophy?
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”
Display power, not necessarily using it, to deter countries
U.S. Action: aided a rebellion in Colombia after being denied the sale of Panama; Panama gets independence and U.S. builds canal
Why?: Save time and money with easy access to Pacific

5. Spanish-American War
Countries: Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Spain, Cuba
In your notes

6. Roosevelt Corollary Countries: Western Hemisphere/Latin America
U.S. Action: Roosevelt declares the United States will intervene to protect Latin American countries
Why?: Many Latin American countries were in debt to European countries; wanted to prevent European takeovers

8. Dollar Diplomacy Countries: Latin America
U.S. Action: Economic investment and trade
Why?: Lead to prosperous Latin America that can resist European influence

10. Mexican Revolution Countries: Mexico
Background: Madero leads a revolution to institute democracy against the dictator Diaz. Madero wins, but gets killed by General Huerta who institutes a brutal regime.
U.S. Action: Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta; Americans taken prisoner; Wilson captures the city of Veracruz but is met with discontent; institutes the rebel leader Carranza who was opposed by the people; war breaks out
Why?: Wilson believed it was the United States moral imperative to promote democracy around the world