1. Mind Stretcher 3-6-17 (copy green)
1. (Review) What is the process in which we make new BODY cells?
2. How many chromosomes do these new cells have?
3. How many cells are created in this process?
Mitosis 46
2 new cells

2. Mind Stretcher 12-8-16 1. Fermentation in muscle cells produces
a. glucose. c. water.
b. lactic acid. d. bacteria.
2. Mitosis is the process by which
a. plant cells create glucose.
b. body cells reproduce by asexual reproduction.
c. cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.
d. cells breakdown food without using oxygen.
3. (T/F) Cellular respiration describes how a cell breathes.

3. How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?

4. Why do animals shed their skin?

5. 3 reasons why cells reproduce : 1. Growth 2. Repair 3. Replacement

6. How Do Body Cells Reproduce?
Through a process of asexual reproduction called Mitosis. It begins AFTER a sperm fertilizes an egg.

7. Cell Division

8. What is Mitosis????
Process by which a Eukaryotic Cell divides (makes new BODY cells)
Creates 2 identical daughter cells with same # of chromosomes as the parent cell

9. Before “Mitosis” Begins……Interphase
I is for “Initial Cell!”
In this stage chromosomes appear to be a big jumble!
Chromatin appears in the middle of the nuclear envelope
DNA is copied
This stage is technically NOT mitosis…we are just getting ready!

10. 3 Stages of Interphase Gap 1 G1 Cell increases in size Synthesis S
DNA replication occurs (DNA copied)
Gap 2 G2
Cell continues to increase in size
G1 - cell makes more proteins so that it can grow to its proper size. It is also the time when the cell makes more ribosomes, which are machines that make proteins. A cell will not exit the G1 phase and enter the S phase until it has enough ribosomes. 
G2- Organelles are copied and more protein is made.

11. The Phases...........Prophase P is for “Pair Up”
Chromatin condenses to be viewed as rod like pairs (chromosomes)
Chromosome pairs are formed and easily seen during this phase.
The centrioles (poles) move to opposite sides of cell.
Centriole
Centriole

12. The Phases……..Metaphase
M is for “Meet in Middle”
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Spindles from the centromere creep out and attach to the chromosomes.
Nuclear envelope dissolves

13. The Phases………Anaphase
A is for “Apart”
Spindle Fibers pull chromosomes apart to opposite sides
Now they are two separate chromatids

14. The Phases…………Telophase
T is for “Two new nuclei”
A new nuclear membrane forms
Entire cell begins pulling apart
“Mitosis” ends here…but we have one more step before cell division is complete…

15. Last step: Cytokinesis
Cell pinches into TWO separate cells.

16. Can you find examples of each phase?

17. MITOSIS-The Bottom Line:
STARTS WITH:
ENDS WITH:
1 BODY cell
2 BODY cells
46 chromosomes (or 23 pairs) (*for humans)
46 chromosomes (or 23 pairs)
*Remember: Mi “TOES” sis Your TOES are part of your body! (body cells)
You MUST remember this slide!

19. Cell Division Song

20. Animal Cell Mitosis -- Review
PHASES of Mitosis:
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

21. Plant Cell Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
PHASES of Mitosis:
Cytokinesis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

22. Cell Cycle

23. - Cell Division
The Cell Cycle 24

24. Mitosis Animation

26. If time permits…here is some extra information!

27. An Intro to Mitosis…with Twilight
A little help from Edward...

28. Cancer
Cells that divide too quickly, to the point where their growth becomes out of control, are called cancer. Abnormal rapid cell growth can result in damage or mutation to the genes needed for a mature cell to function. There are many reasons that cells can divide and grow out of control, including genetic causes, nutritional deficiencies, some infections, or exposure to environmental causes, such as carcinogens or ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Cancer can begin with a single cell that starts to multiply too rapidly, with the cells then unable to receive the proper instructions to make proteins in order to grow, multiply, and, in general, survive.

29. How long do cells live?
There are approximately 200 types of cells in the average human body alone, and the average life span varies from a few hours or days for certain blood cells to weeks and months for skin cells and years and even a lifetime for nerve and some brain cells. There is equal variance in plants and other animals.

30. How long do cells live?
Most blood cells have a life span of a few weeks, but neutrophils, a special type of white blood cell, generally live for only a few hours. Taste receptor cells similarly live for about 10 days, and cells lining the gut often last only five.
Weeks and Months
Many cells live somewhere between a few weeks and a few months.
Human skin cells -almost constantly regenerating, and will typically die off and be replaced by something new within about a month. The skin is the body’s first line of defense.
Cells in organs work on an almost constant basis, too, and these also typically fall within the “weeks and months” range.
Liver cells, for instance, usually live for anywhere from eight to 16 months, and most red blood cells can go for about four months. Cells in the immune system, like T cells, sometimes last only a few days if idle, but if they’re busy fighting infection they often live for several months at a time.

31. Cell Life Span cont.
Muscle cells come in many different types, but most have an average life span of about 25 years.
Some cells may also have a life span equal to the person or animal’s life span, which is to say that they may never die out or regenerate on their own. Nerve cells, also referred to as neurons, are one example. They specialize in conducting electrical impulses, and though there are quite a few types of neurons, for the most part, none self-replicate. They’re in the body for a lifetime.
Brain cells- Some of these are with a person at birth and others grow during childhood, but many won't die until the person or animal does.

32. Mind Stretcher
1. Chromosomes that have the SAME sequence of genes and the same structure are called ____________.
2. Mitosis creates ___(#)______ body cells each having _(#)____ chromosomes.