1. Structural Model
Fernanda Muñoz

2. Ferdinand De Saussure (1916)
Created the structure of the linguistics.
Foundation of the study of semiotics

3. Semiology/Semiotics is a science that examines the life of signs in society, thus becoming part of the discipline of social psychology. The aim is to show how the formation of the sign in the community.

4. Concepts Saussure came up with in Course in General LInguistics(1916)
Sign
Signifier
Signified
Physical object that includes sounds, images or letters and communicate a meaning
A personal interpretation of a signifier. The idea or connotation it creates is what’s signified

5. “The linguistic sign is arbitrary; language, as defined, would therefore seem to be system which, because it depends solely on the rational principle, is free and can be organized at will, its social nature, considered independently, does not definitively rule out this point of view”
Saussure, 1916
Without time we probably notice no change: time would not influence language. Conversely, if we considered the community of speakers without considering time, we would not see the effect of the social forces that influence language.

6. Paradigm
Syntagmatic
The relationship which one sign enjoys with all of the other signs in the same system.
Relationship which a sign entertains with the other sign that surround it within a concrete signifying
Relationship can be predicated on a similarity between two signs at a level of the signified and signifier, or both.
Suffixes and prefixes
Rhyme
Homonyms
Synonyms
Antonyms
Can be realized in discourse
They always involve formal proximity

7. Concepts Saussure came up with in his Cours de Linguistiques Generale (1916)
Langue
Parole
Represents the system of language having signs, rules, and patterns devised by a particular social group for communication.
(grammar, syntax)
The parole meaning the utterance of that Langue and thus, it varies from community to community and region to region.
(How we talk, pronunciation of words, psychological, writing)

8. Synchrony
Studying a language as a complete system at a particular point of time.
Ex: A comparison of language/ Dialects use on a region at a certain point of time.
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Diachrony
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The distinction between them in the course of a general discussion of linguistics, and in attempt to assess the relative importance of the values of simultaneity and the systematic over those of successitivity and evolution
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Studying a language at two different points of time, relating two different stages of a language.
Ex: Evolution of language

9. References
Saussare, F. Course in General Linguistics. Philosophical Library. New York
SIlverman, K. The subjects of Semiotics Oxford University