1. HOW DOES CHINA BECOME A COMMUNIST NATION?

2. Aim: How did Imperial Rule End in China?
ERA OF HUMILIATION (100 Years)
Opium Wars, Boxer Rebellion, Taiping Rebellion, Spheres of Influence, Treaty of Nanjing
End Result China must open up to the West
Qing Dynasty is looked down upon by chinese. (Ruled since 1644)
Spirit of Nationalism rises.

3. Rise of Nationalism Kuomingtang =nationalist party
SUN YIXIAN (Sun YET SEN)
Physician overthrows Qing Dynasty (1912)
Becomes President of the New Republic of China
THREE PRINCIPLES
Nationalism
Peoples Rights (Democracy)
Economic Security

4. PROBLEMS WITH LEADERSHIP
lacked authority and military support to
secure national security
6 WEEK RULE
feuds by warlords
peasants suffered the most
peasant famine 1 million died
roads & bridges ruined
Sun attempts to regain control after WWI never happens
CHINA GOAL – establsih strong modern nation.

5. Long March Jiang was winning Civil War 1934-1935
Forced 100,000 Communist followers of Mao on a Long March through northern China
Marched over 6000 miles
7,000 to 8,000 survivors at end of March
Used this to propel Mao into ICON status
They use this as a rallying point to “we can survive this we can survive anything”

6. BOTH GROUPS BAND TOGETHER
Temp. stop fighting when japan tried to take advantage of China
Fought against Japanese invasions in the 1930’s (WWII) then when ended in 1942, they resumed CIVIL WAR

7. CHINESE POLITICAL OPPONENTS, 1945
NATIONLISTS
COMMUNISTS
Jiang Jieshi
LEADER
Mao Zedong
Southern China
AREA RULED
Northern China
UNITED States
FOREIGN SUPPORT
Soviet Union
Defeat the Communists
DOMESTIC POLICY
National Liberation, Redistribute land amongst Peasants
Weak due to inflation & failing economy
PUBLIC SUPPORT
Strong due to promised land reform for peasants
Ineffective, corrupt leadership & poor morale
MILATARY ORGANIZATION
Experienced, motivated
guerilla army

8. RESULTS
Mao & Communists fully take over China: “People’s Republic of Chna”
Jiang & Nationalist flee “Mainland China” to the island of Taiwan “Nationalist Republic of China”

9. Mao Zedong GREAT LEAP FORWARD
-called on people to increase agricultural and industrial production
-created communes
-decrease in output
-poor made goods
-bad weather, created famine
-GLF failed = never reached production quotas
Why did they fail?

10. RED GUARDS AND CULTURAL REVOLUTION
Made up of young communists, sent out to attack anyone who spoke out against Communism and Mao, intellectuals, politicians, and professors
All to inspire a CULTURAL REVOLUTION
Wanted a CULT OF PERSONALITY
MAO’s LITTLE RED BOOK